Chen Jhih-Jhen, Wu Dai-Rong, Lin Wei-Szu, Chen I-Chieh, Liu Jeng-Fen, Chen Hui-Ling, Lin Ching-Heng
Department of Dentistry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan.
Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan.
J Pers Med. 2022 Jan 20;12(2):137. doi: 10.3390/jpm12020137.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are associated with periodontal disease owing to the induction of a chronic systemic inflammatory response. Hence, knowledge of periodontal status during pregnancy is important in order to reduce the risk of APOs. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of APOs in women with and without periodontal disease to ascertain whether regular scaling performed prior to pregnancy improves the risk of APOs.
This case-control study enrolled1,386,887 pregnant women from the National Health Insurance Research Database who gave birth to their first child between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014. The study population included mothers who gave birth to low birth weight (LBW) and non-LBW newborns, totaling 86,958 and 1,299,929, respectively. Scaling and periodontal emergency treatment during and before pregnancy were assessed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the associations between periodontal treatment and LBW risk.
Compared with the comparison cohort, the pregnant women who didnot have periodontal emergency treatment or scaling treatment during pregnancy exhibited a significantly increased risk of LBW than those who had treatment. Women who underwent scaling within the2 years before pregnancy or during pregnancy had a lower risk of delivering a LBW baby (odds ratio (OR), 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91-0.94). In the normal group, the mothers who had periodontal emergency treatment within the2 years before pregnancy or during pregnancy had a higher risk of delivering a LBW baby (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08). In those who had scaling treatment, a lower risk of delivering a LBW baby was noted (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.97).
The risk of LBW was significantly increased in women who underwent periodontal treatment, and our findings suggested that periodontal disease is an important risk factor for preterm LBW babies in an East Asian population.
不良妊娠结局（APOs）与牙周疾病相关，这是由于慢性全身炎症反应的诱导。因此，了解孕期的牙周状况对于降低APOs风险很重要。本研究的目的是比较有和没有牙周疾病的女性发生APOs的风险，以确定在怀孕前进行定期洗牙是否能降低APOs风险。
这项病例对照研究纳入了来自国民健康保险研究数据库的1386887名孕妇，她们在2004年1月1日至2014年12月31日期间生下了第一个孩子。研究人群包括生下低体重（LBW）和非低体重新生儿的母亲，分别为86958名和1299929名。评估了孕期和孕前的洗牙及牙周急症治疗情况。进行单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析以确定牙周治疗与低体重风险之间的关联。
与对照组相比，孕期未接受牙周急症治疗或洗牙治疗的孕妇发生低体重的风险显著高于接受治疗的孕妇。在怀孕前2年内或孕期接受洗牙的女性生下低体重婴儿的风险较低（优势比（OR），0.93；95%置信区间（CI），0.91 - 0.94）。在正常组中，在怀孕前2年内或孕期接受牙周急症治疗的母亲生下低体重婴儿的风险较高（OR，1.05；95% CI，1.02 - 1.08）。在接受洗牙治疗的人群中，生下低体重婴儿的风险较低（OR，0.95；95% CI，0.93 - 0.97）。
接受牙周治疗的女性发生低体重的风险显著增加，我们的研究结果表明牙周疾病是东亚人群早产低体重婴儿的一个重要风险因素。
