Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Clinical Pathophysiology Center, AFaR, "San Giovanni Calibita" Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Int J Immunogenet. 2014 Jun;41(3):222-30. doi: 10.1111/iji.12116. Epub 2014 Apr 29.
Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) loci are widely known for their role in the generation of immune responses and are often considered to be effective in reconstructing human relationships. This is due to the high degree of polymorphism and the rarity of recombination observed at HLA loci. In this study, we have made an attempt to support the potential of HLA class II loci by analysing DQA1 and DQB1 in 52 Ecuadorians with ties to the Tsachilas community. Little is known about this populations either ethnologically or historically: they are considered retaining much of the ancient Chibchan culture in spite of the lack of significant genetic characterization. A total of 21 alleles were observed, with very low heterozygosity. The obtained data were then assessed for relationship reconstruction. The compiled database of 63 populations was segregated and resolved in clusters corresponding to the ethnogeographic distribution of the populations. This analysis of Central and Southern Amerindians allowed us to support a historical hypothesis related to the origin and migration of Ecuadorian people. Indeed, the relationships with neighbour human groups, especially Cayapas and Colombians, could shed light on the genetic similarity within ancient Chibchan culture that was dispersed by tribes coming up the Barbacoas. This indicates that if an appropriate analysis was to be carried out on a set of populations representative of different geographic locations, and that analysis was properly interpreted, then there would be a high possibility that HLA class II loci could infer accurate assessments, as revealed by uniparental markers.
人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 基因座因其在免疫反应中的作用而广为人知，并且通常被认为在重建人类关系方面非常有效。这是由于 HLA 基因座观察到的高度多态性和罕见重组。在这项研究中，我们通过分析与 Tsachilas 社区有联系的 52 名厄瓜多尔人的 DQA1 和 DQB1，尝试支持 HLA Ⅱ类基因座的潜力。关于这个人群，无论是从民族学还是历史角度来看，人们对其知之甚少：尽管缺乏重要的遗传特征，但他们被认为保留了大部分古代奇布查文化。共观察到 21 个等位基因，杂合度非常低。然后对获得的数据进行关系重建评估。63 个人群的综合数据库被分为与人群的民族地理分布相对应的聚类。对中美洲和南美洲人的分析支持了与厄瓜多尔人民起源和迁徙有关的历史假说。事实上，与邻国人类群体（尤其是 Cayapas 和哥伦比亚人）的关系可以揭示古代奇布查文化的遗传相似性，这些文化是由沿着 Barbacoas 部落传播的。这表明，如果对代表不同地理位置的一组人群进行适当的分析，并且正确解释该分析，那么 HLA Ⅱ类基因座很有可能像单倍体标记所揭示的那样，提供准确的评估。
