Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2014 Aug 15;218(1-2):106-12. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.036. Epub 2014 Apr 5.
Converging evidence suggests that acute states of overarousal are common prior to suicidal behavior. Yet, there has been very little theory-driven research of these phenomena. We consider two competing theoretical perspectives. The first is consistent with the interpersonal theory of suicide, which suggests that the prospect of engaging in lethal suicidal behavior should elicit some degree of arousal; however, the effect of arousal will be particularly relevant when considered in the context of an individual׳s capability for suicide. The second perspective draws from escape-based models, which would suggest that arousal alone should result in increased suicide risk, given the distress associated with high arousal states. Results indicated that the interaction of overarousal and capability for suicide was associated with suicidal symptoms. As overarousal increased, suicidal symptoms increased among high capability individuals and decreased among low capability individuals. These effects were observed beyond the effects of depression, anxiety, age, gender, and marital status. There was no significant main effect of overarousal. Results support a perspective in line with the interpersonal theory, suggesting that overarousal states may be particularly dangerous for individuals who have developed the capability for suicide.
越来越多的证据表明，在自杀行为之前，过度兴奋的急性状态是很常见的。然而，针对这些现象的理论驱动研究却很少。我们考虑了两种相互竞争的理论观点。第一种观点与自杀的人际关系理论一致，该理论表明，考虑到实施致命自杀行为的前景，应该会引起一定程度的兴奋；然而，当考虑到个体自杀能力的背景时，兴奋的影响将尤为重要。第二种观点来自基于逃避的模型，该模型表明，由于与高度兴奋状态相关的痛苦，仅仅是兴奋就应该会导致自杀风险增加。研究结果表明，过度兴奋和自杀能力的相互作用与自杀症状有关。随着过度兴奋的增加，高能力个体的自杀症状增加，而低能力个体的自杀症状减少。这些影响在考虑到抑郁、焦虑、年龄、性别和婚姻状况的影响之外仍然存在。过度兴奋没有显著的主要影响。结果支持了与人际关系理论一致的观点，表明对于已经具备自杀能力的个体来说，过度兴奋状态可能特别危险。
