Palermo Gianpiero D, Kocent Justin, Monahan Devin, Neri Queenie V, Rosenwaks Zev
The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1305 York Avenue, Suite 720, New York, NY, 10021, USA,
Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1154:385-405. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0659-8_18.
Major difficulties exist in the accurate and meaningful diagnosis of male reproductive dysfunction, and our understanding of the epidemiology and etiology of male infertility has proven quite complex.The numerous spermatozoa produced in mammals and other species provides some degree of protection against adverse environmental conditions represented by physical and chemical factors that can reduce reproductive function and increase gonadal damage even resulting in testicular cancer or congenital malformations. The wide fluctuations of sperm production in men, both geographical and temporal, may reflect disparate environmental exposures, occurring on differing genetic backgrounds, in varying psychosocial conditions, and leading to the diversified observed outcomes.Sperm analysis is still the cornerstone in diagnosis of male factor infertility, indeed, individually compromised semen paramaters while adequately address therapeutic practices is progressively flanked by additional tests. Administration of drugs, IUI, correction of varicocele, and, to a certain extent, IVF although they may not be capable of restoring fertility itself often result in childbearing.
男性生殖功能障碍的准确且有意义的诊断存在重大困难，而且我们已证明，对男性不育症的流行病学和病因学的理解相当复杂。哺乳动物和其他物种产生的大量精子在一定程度上可抵御由物理和化学因素所代表的不利环境条件，这些因素会降低生殖功能、增加性腺损伤，甚至导致睾丸癌或先天性畸形。男性精子生成在地理和时间上的大幅波动，可能反映了在不同遗传背景、不同心理社会条件下发生的不同环境暴露，并导致了观察到的多样化结果。精子分析仍是男性因素不育症诊断的基石，的确，虽然精液参数个体受损时充分应对治疗方法正逐渐被其他检查所补充。药物治疗、宫腔内人工授精、精索静脉曲张矫正，以及在一定程度上的体外受精，尽管它们本身可能无法恢复生育能力，但往往会导致生育。
