Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Compr Psychiatry. 2014 Jul;55(5):1077-84. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.03.017. Epub 2014 Mar 30.
Males are more likely than females to die by all forms of violent death, including suicide. The primary purpose of the present study was to explore whether the gender difference in suicide rates is largely accounted for by males' general greater tendency to experience violent deaths. The current study examined gender and age differences in suicides and other violent deaths, using data from a population-based surveillance system.
Pearson's chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted with data for 32,107 decedents in the 2003-2005 National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS). Decedents were categorized by gender, age, and death by suicide versus other violent means.
When suicides were examined in the greater context of violent death, the total proportion of violent deaths due to suicide did not differ across gender. When deaths were examined by age group, after controlling for ethnicity, marital status, and U.S. location in which the death occurred, males in early to mid childhood were significantly more likely than same-aged females to die by suicide relative to all other violent deaths. The portion of deaths due to suicide was for the most part equal across both genders in late childhood, young adulthood, and mid-adulthood. Older males were more likely than older females to die by suicide relative to other violent deaths.
Our findings suggest that that the risk of dying by suicide relative to other violent deaths may be more pronounced at certain developmental stages for each gender. This knowledge may be valuable in tailoring prevention strategies.
男性比女性更容易死于各种形式的暴力死亡，包括自杀。本研究的主要目的是探讨自杀率的性别差异是否主要归因于男性更普遍地倾向于经历暴力死亡。本研究使用基于人群的监测系统的数据，探讨了自杀和其他暴力死亡的性别和年龄差异。
对 2003-2005 年国家暴力死亡报告系统（NVDRS）中 32107 名死者的数据进行了 Pearson χ2 检验和逻辑回归分析。死者按性别、年龄以及自杀与其他暴力手段导致的死亡进行分类。
当将自杀置于更广泛的暴力死亡背景下进行检查时，自杀导致的暴力死亡总数在性别间没有差异。当按年龄组检查死亡情况时，在控制了种族、婚姻状况和死亡发生地点后，与所有其他暴力死亡相比，处于儿童早期和中期的男性自杀死亡的相对风险明显高于同龄女性。在儿童后期、青年期和中年期，大多数情况下，自杀导致的死亡比例在两性中基本相等。与其他暴力死亡相比，老年男性自杀死亡的相对风险高于老年女性。
我们的研究结果表明，相对于其他暴力死亡，男性和女性在某些发育阶段自杀的风险可能更为突出。这些知识可能对定制预防策略有价值。
