多梳组复合物的表观遗传调控：聚焦 CBX 蛋白的作用。
Epigenetic regulation by polycomb group complexes: focus on roles of CBX proteins.
机构信息
School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
出版信息
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2014 May;15(5):412-28. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B1400077.
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) complexes are epigenetic regulatory complexes that conduct transcriptional repression of target genes via modifying the chromatin. The two best characterized forms of PcG complexes, polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2), are required for maintaining the stemness of embryonic stem cells and many types of adult stem cells. The spectra of target genes for PRCs are dynamically changing with cell differentiation, which is essential for proper decisions on cell fate during developmental processes. Chromobox (CBX) family proteins are canonical components in PRC1, responsible for targeting PRC1 to the chromatin. Recent studies highlight the function specifications among CBX family members in undifferentiated and differentiated stem cells, which reveal the interplay between compositional diversity and functional specificity of PRC1. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about targeting and functional mechanisms of PRCs, emphasizing the recent breakthroughs related to CBX proteins under a number of physiological and pathological conditions.
摘要
多梳抑制复合物（PcG）是通过修饰染色质来实现靶基因转录抑制的表观遗传调控复合物。两种最具特征的 PcG 复合物，多梳抑制复合物 1 和 2（PRC1 和 PRC2），对于维持胚胎干细胞和许多类型的成体干细胞的干性是必需的。PRC 的靶基因谱随着细胞分化而动态变化，这对于在发育过程中做出正确的细胞命运决定至关重要。盒蛋白（CBX）家族蛋白是 PRC1 的典型组成部分，负责将 PRC1 靶向到染色质上。最近的研究强调了 CBX 家族成员在未分化和分化干细胞中的功能特异性，揭示了 PRC1 的组成多样性和功能特异性之间的相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 PRC 的靶向和功能机制的最新知识，强调了在许多生理和病理条件下与 CBX 蛋白相关的最新突破。
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