Alexander M P, Benson D F, Stuss D T
Aphasia Program, Braintree Hospital, Massachusetts.
Brain Lang. 1989 Nov;37(4):656-91. doi: 10.1016/0093-934x(89)90118-1.
Numerous theories discuss the neuropsychological functions of the frontal lobes, most based on some concept of supramodality, and an extensive literature presents the phenomenology and semiology of language and communication deficits after focal brain lesions involving the frontal lobes. Despite this, few attempts have been made to link the clinical phenomenology to a theory. This paper presents (1) a general theory of frontal functions; (2) a brief summary of experimental and anatomical literatures in support of defined frontal functional systems; (3) clinical observations that delineate these functional systems for the specific modalities of language and communication; (4) a review of the available literature supporting the idea of specific modal and supramodal language and communication capacities; (5) hypotheses about the distributed anatomy of these functional systems; and (6) implications for traditional clinical notions of aphasia, particularly in relation to a general theory of frontal lobe functions.
众多理论探讨了额叶的神经心理功能，大多数理论基于某种超模态概念，并且有大量文献阐述了涉及额叶的局灶性脑损伤后语言和交流缺陷的现象学及症状学。尽管如此，很少有人尝试将临床现象学与理论联系起来。本文呈现了：（1）额叶功能的一般理论；（2）支持已定义的额叶功能系统的实验和解剖学文献的简要概述；（3）针对语言和交流特定模态来描绘这些功能系统的临床观察；（4）支持特定模态和超模态语言及交流能力观点的现有文献综述；（5）关于这些功能系统分布式解剖结构的假设；以及（6）对传统失语症临床概念的启示，特别是与额叶功能的一般理论相关的启示。
