Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University Detroit, MI, USA.
John D. Dingell VA Medical Center Detroit, MI, USA.
Front Genet. 2014 Apr 23;5:92. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00092. eCollection 2014.
Cells are constantly exposed to various internal and external stresses. The importance of cellular stress and its implication to disease conditions have become popular research topics. Many ongoing investigations focus on the sources of stress, their specific molecular mechanisms and interactions, especially regarding their contributions to many common and complex diseases through defined molecular pathways. Numerous molecular mechanisms have been linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress along with many unexpected findings, drastically increasing the complexity of our molecular understanding and challenging how to apply individual mechanism-based knowledge in the clinic. A newly emergent genome theory searches for the synthesis of a general evolutionary mechanism that unifies different types of stress and functional relationships from a genome-defined system point of view. Herein, we discuss the evolutionary relationship between stress and somatic cell adaptation under physiological, pathological, and somatic cell survival conditions, the multiple meanings to achieve adaptation and its potential trade-off. In particular, we purposely defocus from specific stresses and mechanisms by redirecting attention toward studying underlying general mechanisms.
细胞不断受到各种内部和外部压力的影响。细胞应激的重要性及其对疾病状况的影响已成为热门研究课题。许多正在进行的研究集中在应激源、其特定的分子机制和相互作用上，特别是关注它们通过特定的分子途径对许多常见和复杂疾病的贡献。许多分子机制与内质网应激有关，同时也有许多意外的发现，这极大地增加了我们分子理解的复杂性，并挑战了如何将基于单个机制的知识应用于临床。一个新出现的基因组理论从基因组定义的系统观点出发，寻找一种普遍进化机制的合成，该机制将不同类型的应激和功能关系统一起来。在这里，我们讨论了在生理、病理和体细胞存活条件下，应激与体细胞适应之间的进化关系，以及实现适应的多种含义及其潜在的权衡。特别是，我们通过将注意力重新集中在研究潜在的一般机制上，而不是特定的应激和机制上，故意将焦点从特定的应激和机制上转移开。
