Coman Alexandru, Maftei Daniel Narcis, Chereches Razvan M, Zavrotchi Elena, Bria Paul, Dragnea Claudiu, McKenzie Pamela P, Valentine Marissa A, Gray Gregory C
Center for Health Policy and Public Health, Institute for Social Research, Faculty of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
Influenza Res Treat. 2014;2014:965749. doi: 10.1155/2014/965749. Epub 2014 Mar 25.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus incursions from migrating birds have occurred multiple times in Romania since 2005. Beginning in September 2008 through April 2013, seasonal sentinel surveillance for avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) using domestic geese (Anser cygnoides) and ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in the Danube Delta was established by placing 15 geese and 5 ducks at seven sites. Tracheal and cloacal swabs, and sera collections (starting in 2009) were taken monthly. We studied a total of 580 domestic birds and collected 5,520 cloacal and tracheal swabs from each and 2,760 sera samples. All swabs were studied with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for evidence of AIV. Serological samples were studied with hemagglutination inhibition assays against avian H5, H7, and H9 influenza viruses. From 2009 to 2013, 47 swab specimens from Cot Candura, Enisala, and Saon screened positive for AIV; further subtyping demonstrated that 14 ducks and 20 geese had cloacal evidence of H5N3 carriage. Correspondingly, 4 to 12 weeks after these molecular detections, sentinel bird sera revealed elevated HI titers against H5 virus antigens. We posit that domestic bird surveillance is an effective method to conduct AIV surveillance among migrating birds in delta areas.
自2005年以来,高致病性禽流感(HPAI)H5N1病毒多次因候鸟迁徙而侵入罗马尼亚。从2008年9月开始至2013年4月,在多瑙河三角洲通过在7个地点放置15只鹅和5只鸭,建立了利用家鹅(鸿雁)和家鸭(绿头鸭)进行甲型禽流感病毒(AIVs)季节性哨兵监测。每月采集气管和泄殖腔拭子以及血清样本(从2009年开始)。我们共研究了580只家禽,从每只家禽身上采集了5520份泄殖腔和气管拭子以及2760份血清样本。所有拭子均采用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应(rRT-PCR)检测AIV。血清学样本采用针对禽H5、H7和H9流感病毒的血凝抑制试验进行检测。2009年至2013年期间,来自科特坎杜拉、埃尼萨拉和绍恩的47份拭子标本AIV检测呈阳性;进一步的亚型分析表明,14只鸭和20只鹅的泄殖腔有携带H5N3的证据。相应地,在这些分子检测后的4至12周,哨兵鸟血清显示针对H5病毒抗原的血凝抑制效价升高。我们认为,家禽监测是在三角洲地区对候鸟进行AIV监测的有效方法。