Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, España, Manila, Philippines Department of Psychiatry, The Medical city, Ortigas Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines.
Neurology, Neurosciences and Psychiatry, The Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas, España, Manila, Philippines 443 University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Clinical Division, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines Movement Disorder Service, International Institute of Neuroscience, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines.
J Parkinsons Dis. 2014;4(2):161-7. doi: 10.3233/JPD-130283.
With the increasing understanding of the involvement of basal ganglia circuits in the functions of movement, cognition, emotion and motivation, the network model of dystonia posits a plausible mechanism for the co-occurrence of mental dysfunctions in dystonia-plus syndromes. Genetic mutations that alter the production of neurotransmitters and receptors can potentially affect the function of these interconnecting circuits and yield non-motor symptoms as well. This article reviews the psychiatric findings in dystonia-plus syndromes reported thus far in the literature, both in animal models and human subjects. Based on this innovative understanding of the pathophysiology, implications to treatment of combined motor and non-motor symptoms (i.e. mental dysfunctions) are also briefly discussed.
随着对基底神经节回路在运动、认知、情感和动机功能中所扮演角色的深入理解，肌张力障碍的网络模型提出了一个合理的机制来解释肌张力障碍伴发综合征中精神功能障碍的共同发生。改变神经递质和受体产生的基因突变可能会影响这些相互连接的回路的功能，并产生非运动症状。本文综述了迄今为止文献中报道的肌张力障碍伴发综合征的精神科发现，包括动物模型和人类受试者。基于对病理生理学的这种创新性理解，也简要讨论了联合运动和非运动症状（即精神功能障碍）的治疗意义。
