Questions or comments about this article may be directed to Anne Destrebecq, RN MSc, at
J Neurosci Nurs. 2014 Jun;46(3):180-6. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0000000000000052.
Headache is the most common complication after lumbar puncture. This narrative review explores the literature to determine strategies for preventing headache and provide evidence-based nursing care to adults with post-lumbar puncture headache. Multiple findings regarding prevention and relieving of post-lumbar puncture headache were identified and summarized under the headings "Needle Design and LP Technical Procedure," "Bed Rest and Early Mobilization," "Posture and Head Position," "Cerebral Vasoconstriction," "Hydration and Seal of the Puncture Site," and "Patient Characteristics." Despite the amount of articles, no widely accessible nursing practice guidelines were found. It has been shown that several treatments with insufficient or low levels of evidence supporting their efficacy are still being used (e.g., prolonged bed rest, special postures in bed, additional fluid intake, and caffeine intake). A clear recommendation regarding using atraumatic, small-sized needles. Further research is needed to support nursing with stronger evidence.
头痛是腰椎穿刺后最常见的并发症。本叙述性综述探讨了文献，以确定预防头痛的策略，并为成人腰椎穿刺后头痛提供循证护理。确定并总结了多个关于预防和缓解腰椎穿刺后头痛的发现，标题为“针头设计和 LP 技术程序”、“卧床休息和早期活动”、“姿势和头部位置”、“脑血管收缩”、“穿刺部位的水合作用和密封”和“患者特征”。尽管有大量文章，但没有找到广泛适用的护理实践指南。已经表明，仍在使用几种治疗方法，但它们的疗效缺乏或证据水平低（例如，长时间卧床休息、床上特殊姿势、额外的液体摄入和咖啡因摄入）。明确建议使用无创伤、小尺寸的针头。需要进一步的研究来支持更有力的循证护理。
