Lyberaki Antigone, Tinios Platon, Papadoudis George
Panteion University, Greece.
University of Piraeus, Greece.
Adv Life Course Res. 2013 Mar;18(1):26-45. doi: 10.1016/j.alcr.2012.10.002. Epub 2012 Nov 10.
This paper uses the retrospective questionnaire of the SHARE survey of Europeans aged 50+ to document the career dilemmas faced by women in Europe over the last fifty years. It charts how social transformation was directly experienced by survey respondents: First, it documents career differences of two cohorts in four geographical regions. Second, it compares outcomes faced by career women who had 'gone against the flow' in countries where they were in a minority, with women who had taken the same decision where career was, already, a majority choice. Third, it examines how far individual career choice was affected by the operation of the welfare state. To do that, we employ a multivariate econometric model that treats entry into the labour market and career choice as linked decisions, which are affected by individual circumstances, macroeconomic conditions but also by social policy parameters. We conclude that the same degree of past social policy effort appears to operate differently in different places. This is broadly consistent with the existence of distinct kinds of welfare state in the different parts of Europe.
本文使用针对50岁及以上欧洲人的SHARE调查的回顾性问卷，记录欧洲女性在过去五十年中面临的职业困境。它描绘了调查对象直接经历的社会变革：第一，记录四个地理区域中两个队列的职业差异。第二，将在职业选择并非主流的国家中“逆流而动”的职业女性所面临的结果，与在职业已经成为多数人选择的国家中做出相同决定的女性所面临的结果进行比较。第三，研究福利国家的运作在多大程度上影响了个人职业选择。为此，我们采用了一个多变量计量经济模型，该模型将进入劳动力市场和职业选择视为相互关联的决策，这些决策受到个人情况、宏观经济状况以及社会政策参数的影响。我们得出结论，过去相同程度的社会政策努力在不同地方的运作方式似乎有所不同。这与欧洲不同地区存在不同类型的福利国家的情况大致相符。
