Does minor trauma in pregnancy affect perinatal outcome?

PURPOSE

To investigate pregnancy outcome after minor trauma and to identify risk factors at admission that may predict adverse pregnancy outcome.

METHODS

A retrospective study held between January-2005 and December-2011. Pregnant women at 23 weeks or more, who were admitted due to minor trauma, were included. A standard protocol was applied: physical examination, lab tests and a fetal heart rate monitoring (FHRM) and tocometer for 1 h. In cases of symptomatic women, abnormal FHRM or presence of uterine contractions, the length of monitoring was extended. All women were admitted for 24 h of observation. The primary outcome was a composite adverse outcome that included at least one of the following: placental abruption, preterm birth and birthweight <2,500 g. To investigate pregnancy outcome and identify risk factors that may predict pregnancy outcome, matched (1:2) non-trauma controls were included. Risk factors examined included maternal obstetric variables, complaints at admission, clinical findings, lab test results, FHRM and tocometer findings.

RESULTS

A total of 512 women with minor trauma and 1,024 non-trauma controls were included. Composite outcome occurred in 48 (9.4 %) and 131 (12.9 %) of the study and the control groups, respectively (p = 0.04; OR 0.71; 95 % CI, 0.5-0.99). None of the parameters examined at admission predicted the occurrence of the composite outcome.

CONCLUSION

Pregnant women after minor trauma have a favorable pregnancy outcome. None of the parameters examined at admission were predictive of adverse outcome. Extensive evaluation at admission and observation for 24 h are probably unnecessary following minor trauma, particularly for asymptomatic women.