MacLennan Calman A, Martin Laura B, Micoli Francesca
Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health; Siena, Italy; Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation and Clinical Immunology Service; Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection; College of Medicine and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham, UK.
Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health; Siena, Italy.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(6):1478-93. doi: 10.4161/hv.29054. Epub 2014 May 7.
Though primarily enteric pathogens, Salmonellae are responsible for a considerable yet under-appreciated global burden of invasive disease. In South and South-East Asia, this manifests as enteric fever caused by serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A. In sub-Saharan Africa, a similar disease burden results from invasive nontyphoidal Salmonellae, principally serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis. The existing Ty21a live-attenuated and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccines target S. Typhi and are not effective in young children where the burden of invasive Salmonella disease is highest. After years of lack of investment in new Salmonella vaccines, recent times have seen increased interest in the area led by emerging-market manufacturers, global health vaccine institutes and academic partners. New glycoconjugate vaccines against S. Typhi are becoming available with similar vaccines against other invasive serovars in development. With other new vaccines under investigation, including live-attenuated, protein-based and GMMA vaccines, now is an exciting time for the Salmonella vaccine field.
尽管沙门氏菌主要是肠道病原体，但它们却造成了相当大且未得到充分重视的侵袭性疾病全球负担。在南亚和东南亚，这种负担表现为伤寒血清型 Typhi 和甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌引起的肠热症。在撒哈拉以南非洲，侵袭性非伤寒沙门氏菌（主要是鼠伤寒血清型 Typhimurium 和肠炎血清型 Enteritidis）导致了类似的疾病负担。现有的 Ty21a 减毒活疫苗和 Vi 荚膜多糖疫苗针对伤寒沙门氏菌，对侵袭性沙门氏菌疾病负担最高的幼儿无效。在对新型沙门氏菌疫苗缺乏投资多年之后，近来新兴市场制造商、全球健康疫苗机构和学术合作伙伴对该领域的兴趣有所增加。针对伤寒沙门氏菌的新型糖缀合物疫苗已面市，针对其他侵袭性血清型的类似疫苗也在研发中。随着其他新型疫苗（包括减毒活疫苗、基于蛋白质的疫苗和颗粒疫苗）正在接受研究，当前对于沙门氏菌疫苗领域来说是一个令人兴奋的时期。
