Phua S H, Hyndman D L, Baird H J, Auvray B, McEwan J C, Lee M A, Dodds K G
AgResearch Invermay, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, 9053, New Zealand.
Anim Genet. 2014 Aug;45(4):559-64. doi: 10.1111/age.12167. Epub 2014 May 7.
Pithomycotoxicosis, more commonly known as facial eczema (FE), is a liver disease that occurs predominantly in New Zealand because of its toxigenic Pithomyces chartarum strains. The first reported case was in sheep in 1887. Since the 1930s, a number of studies have been conducted in an attempt to mitigate the problems FE has on the sheep and dairy industries. The research in these studies included work on fungicide and biological control of the saprophytic fungus, use of different pasture plants to inhibit fungal growth, stock management with respect to pasture fungal spore counts and the use of zinc prophylaxis on animals. The finding that there was a genetic basis in FE sensitivity in sheep prompted research for a genetic approach to mitigation in the form of a diagnostic DNA test for susceptibility to the disease. Recently, we have used the Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip to develop a genome-enabled prediction approach to screen for FE-tolerant sheep. Our current best genomic prediction for FE is for the Romney breed and has an accuracy of 0.38. This prediction accuracy is not as high as the individual accuracy gained by an artificial challenge test (0.64). However, it has the advantage of being a non-invasive test and can be provided as part of genomic testing for other traits at minimal cost.
麦角中毒，更常见的名称是面部湿疹（FE），是一种主要在新西兰发生的肝脏疾病，因为其产毒的chartarum麦角菌菌株。首次报告的病例是1887年在绵羊身上发现的。自20世纪30年代以来，已经进行了多项研究，试图减轻面部湿疹对绵羊和乳制品行业造成的问题。这些研究中的调查包括对腐生真菌的杀菌剂和生物防治、使用不同的牧草植物抑制真菌生长、根据牧场真菌孢子计数进行牲畜管理以及对动物使用锌预防措施。绵羊面部湿疹易感性存在遗传基础这一发现促使人们开展研究，寻求通过诊断DNA测试来确定疾病易感性的遗传方法来减轻该问题。最近，我们使用Illumina OvineSNP50基因芯片开发了一种基于基因组的预测方法，以筛选耐面部湿疹的绵羊。我们目前对罗姆尼品种面部湿疹的最佳基因组预测准确率为0.38。这个预测准确率不如人工激发试验获得的个体准确率高（0.64）。然而，它具有非侵入性测试的优势，并且可以作为其他性状基因组测试的一部分以最低成本提供。
