Department of Applied Mechanics, MotiLal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211004, India.
Department of Applied Chemistry & Polymer Technology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, New Delhi 110042, India.
J Control Release. 2014 Jul 28;186:54-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.043. Epub 2014 May 5.
Over the last decade carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) has emerged as a promising biopolymer for the development of new drug delivery systems and improved scaffolds along with other tissue engineering devices for regenerative medicine that is currently one of the most rapidly growing fields in the life sciences. CMCS is amphiprotic ether, derived from chitosan, exhibiting enhanced aqueous solubility, excellent biocompatibility, controllable biodegradability, osteogenesis ability and numerous other outstanding physicochemical and biological properties. More strikingly, it can load hydrophobic drugs and displays strong bioactivity which highlight its suitability and extensive usage for preparing different drug delivery and tissue engineering formulations respectively. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to various types of CMCS based formulations for delivery of therapeutic agents and tissue regeneration and further describes their preparation procedures and applications in different tissues/organs. Detailed information of CMCS based nano/micro systems for targeted delivery of drugs with emphasis on cancer specific and organ specific drug delivery have been described. Further, we have discussed various CMCS based tissue engineering biomaterials along with their preparation procedures and applications in different tissues/organs. The article then, gives a brief account of therapy combining drug delivery and tissue engineering. Finally, identification of major challenges and opportunities for current and ongoing application of CMCS based systems in the field are summarised.
在过去的十年中，羧甲基壳聚糖 (CMCS) 已成为一种很有前途的生物聚合物，可用于开发新的药物输送系统和改良的支架，以及用于再生医学的其他组织工程设备，而再生医学是生命科学中发展最快的领域之一。CMCS 是一种两性醚，由壳聚糖衍生而来，具有增强的水溶性、优异的生物相容性、可控制的生物降解性、成骨能力和许多其他出色的物理化学和生物学特性。更引人注目的是，它可以负载疏水性药物并显示出强大的生物活性，这突出了其适合性和广泛的用途，可分别用于制备不同的药物输送和组织工程制剂。
本综述全面介绍了用于输送治疗剂和组织再生的各种类型的 CMCS 制剂，并进一步描述了它们的制备程序以及在不同组织/器官中的应用。详细介绍了基于 CMCS 的纳米/微米系统用于靶向药物输送的情况，重点介绍了癌症特异性和器官特异性药物输送。此外，还讨论了各种基于 CMCS 的组织工程生物材料及其在不同组织/器官中的制备程序和应用。
文章简要介绍了将药物输送和组织工程相结合的治疗方法。最后，总结了当前和正在进行的基于 CMCS 的系统在该领域的应用中存在的主要挑战和机遇。
