Varyvonchyk D V, Rykov S O, Saliukov A O, Mishenin A B, Pyshnov H Iu, Moĭseienko Ie V
Fiziol Zh (1994). 2014;60(1):70-7.
The study revealed that the Antarctic territory in the area of the Ukrainian Antarctic station "Academician Vernadsky" can be referred to the zone of the "super high", risk in developing ophthalmological pathology, caused by ultraviolet radiation. The results of the comprehensive dynamic study of 24 winterers of the XVI and XVII Ukrainian Antarctic expeditions (2011-2013) showed the developing of specific changes in the organ of vision under the exposure to the excessive natural ultraviolet radiation (UVR), such as parenchymatous-endothelial keratopathy, nuclear-posteriorcapsular phacopathy, maculopathy. Morphological changes were recorded using the cornea densitometry method: a decrease of the central cornea thickness by 14.3%, a decrease of the density and the number of endothelial cells of hexagonal type by 10.1% and 16.6%, respectively (P < 0.05). Using densitometry method, we detected morphological changes in the lens. Specifically, we found an increase of the optic lens density: in median zone by 10.1%, in maximal zone by 21.6%, in posterior part by 13.1%, P < 0.05. The results of densitometry recordings point to the development of local opacity in the posterior lens parts (in the nucleus and in the capsule). The data of the computed quantitative macula perimetry showed a significant decrease of light sensitivity of retina conicalis cells by 6 times (P < 0.05). The morphological signs of the endured acute solar retinopathy were found in more than 50% winterers. The revealed pathological changes can be considered as pre-, subclinical manifestations of the cornea dystrophy, cataracts and maculodystrophy, caused by specific action of the natural UVR, thus demanding the elaboration of the combined preventive measures.
研究表明，在乌克兰南极考察站“弗纳德斯基院士站”所在区域的南极领土可被视为因紫外线辐射导致眼科病理发展的“超高”风险区。对第十六和十七次乌克兰南极考察队（2011 - 2013年）的24名越冬人员进行的综合动态研究结果显示，在过度自然紫外线辐射（UVR）暴露下，视觉器官出现了特定变化，如实质 - 内皮性角膜病变、核 - 后囊膜晶状体病变、黄斑病变。使用角膜密度测量法记录了形态学变化：中央角膜厚度减少14.3%，六边形内皮细胞的密度和数量分别减少10.1%和16.6%（P < 0.05）。通过密度测量法，我们检测到晶状体的形态学变化。具体而言，我们发现晶状体密度增加：在中间区域增加10.1%，在最大区域增加21.6%，在后部增加13.1%，P < 0.05。密度测量记录结果表明晶状体后部（核部和囊膜）出现局部混浊。计算机定量黄斑视野检查数据显示视网膜圆锥细胞的光敏感度显著降低6倍（P < 0.05）。超过50%的越冬人员出现了急性日光性视网膜病变的形态学迹象。所揭示的病理变化可被视为由自然UVR的特定作用引起的角膜营养不良、白内障和黄斑营养不良的前期、亚临床症状，因此需要制定综合预防措施。
