Department of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Clinic, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Sykehusveien 38, NO-9038 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute of Air Research, Fram Centre, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, NO-9019 Tromsø, Norway.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Clinic, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Sykehusveien 38, NO-9038 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute of Air Research, Fram Centre, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, NO-9019 Tromsø, Norway.
Environ Int. 2014 Aug;69:58-66. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.010. Epub 2014 May 7.
Determining maternal concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the relative impact of various demographic and dietary predictors is important for assessing fetal exposure and for developing proper lifestyle advisories for pregnant women. This study was conducted to investigate maternal PFAS concentrations and their predictors in years when the production and use of several PFASs declined, and to assess the relative importance of significant predictors. Blood from 391 pregnant women participating in The Northern Norway Mother-and-Child Contaminant Cohort Study (MISA) was collected in the period 2007-2009 and serum analyses of 26 PFASs were conducted. Associations between PFAS concentrations, sampling date, and demographic and dietary variables were evaluated by multivariate analyses and linear models including relevant covariates. Parity was the strongest significant predictor for all the investigated PFASs, and nulliparous women had higher concentrations compared to multiparous women (10 ng/mL versus 4.5 ng/mL in median PFOS, respectively). Serum concentrations of PFOS and PFOA of women recruited day 1-100 were 25% and 26% higher, respectively, compared to those women recruited in the last 167 days of the study (day 601-867), and the concentrations of PFNA, PFDA and PFUnDA increased with age. Dietary predictors explained 0-17% of the variation in concentrations for the different PFASs. Significantly elevated concentrations of PFOS, PFNA, PFDA and PFUnDA were found among high consumers of marine food. The concentrations of PFHxS, PFHpS and PFNA were also increased in high consumers of game and elevated concentrations of PFHpS and PFOS were detected in high consumers of white meat. Study subjects with a high intake of salty snacks and beef had significantly higher concentrations of PFOA. The present study demonstrates that parity, sampling date and birth year are the most important predictors for maternal PFAS concentrations in years following a decrease in production and use of several PFASs. Further, dietary predictors of PFAS concentrations were identified and varied in importance according to compound.
确定母体中全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）的浓度，以及各种人口统计学和饮食预测因素的相对影响，对于评估胎儿暴露情况以及为孕妇制定适当的生活方式建议非常重要。本研究旨在调查生产和使用几种 PFASs 减少的年份中母体 PFAS 浓度及其预测因素，并评估重要预测因素的相对重要性。2007 年至 2009 年期间，参加北挪威母婴污染物队列研究（MISA）的 391 名孕妇采集了血液，并对 26 种 PFAS 进行了血清分析。通过多元分析和包括相关协变量的线性模型，评估了 PFAS 浓度、采样日期以及人口统计学和饮食变量之间的关系。产次是所有研究的 PFAS 最强的显著预测因素，与多产妇女相比，初产妇的浓度更高（中位 PFOS 分别为 10ng/ml 和 4.5ng/ml）。与研究最后 167 天（第 601-867 天）招募的女性相比，第 1-100 天招募的女性血清中 PFOS 和 PFOA 的浓度分别高 25%和 26%，而 PFNA、PFDA 和 PFUnDA 的浓度则随年龄增长而增加。饮食预测因素解释了不同 PFAS 浓度变化的 0-17%。高海产品消费者的 PFOS、PFNA、PFDA 和 PFUnDA 浓度显著升高。高食用野味者的 PFHxS、PFHpS 和 PFNA 浓度也升高，而高食用白肉者的 PFHpS 和 PFOS 浓度升高。高食用咸零食和牛肉者的 PFOA 浓度显著升高。本研究表明，产次、采样日期和出生年份是生产和使用几种 PFASs 减少后母体 PFAS 浓度的最重要预测因素。此外，还确定了 PFAS 浓度的饮食预测因素，根据化合物的不同，其重要性也有所不同。
