School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2014 Sep;70:209-14. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.03.018. Epub 2014 May 9.
This study investigated whether the night-time conspicuity of road workers can be enhanced by positioning retroreflective strips on the moveable joints in patterns that convey varying degrees of biological motion. Participants were 24 visually normal adults (12 young M=26.8 years; 12 older M=72.9 years). Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and glare sensitivity were recorded for each participant. Experimenters acting as road workers walked in place on a closed road circuit within simulated road work sites, facing either the oncoming driver or the roadway (presenting sideways to the driver) and wearing one of four clothing conditions: (i) standard road worker vest; (ii) standard vest plus thigh-mounted retroreflective strips; (iii) standard vest plus retroreflective strips on ankles and knees; (iv) standard vest plus retroreflective strips positioned on the extremities in a configuration that conveyed biological motion ("biomotion"). As they drove along the closed road participants were instructed to press a button to indicate when they first recognized that a road worker was present. The results demonstrated that regardless of the direction of walking, road workers wearing biomotion clothing were recognized at significantly (p<0.05) longer distances (3×), relative to the standard vest alone. Response distances were significantly shorter for the older drivers. Contrast sensitivity was a better predictor of the ability to recognize road workers than was visual acuity or glare sensitivity. We conclude that adding retroreflective strips in the biomotion configuration can significantly improve road worker conspicuity regardless of the road worker's orientation and the age of the driver.
本研究旨在探讨在可动关节上布置反光条并采用不同程度的生物运动模式，是否能提高夜间道路作业人员的可视性。参与者为 24 名视力正常的成年人（12 名年轻人，M=26.8 岁；12 名老年人，M=72.9 岁）。记录了每位参与者的视力、对比敏感度和眩光敏感度。实验人员模拟道路施工现场，在封闭的道路环路上充当道路作业人员，面向迎面而来的驾驶员或车道（侧向面对驾驶员），穿着四种服装条件之一：（i）标准道路作业背心；（ii）标准背心加大腿上的反光条；（iii）标准背心加脚踝和膝盖上的反光条；（iv）标准背心加配置传达生物运动的反光条（“生物运动”）。当他们沿着封闭的道路行驶时，参与者被指示按下按钮，以指示他们何时首次意识到有道路作业人员在场。结果表明，无论行走方向如何，穿着生物运动服装的道路作业人员在距离（3 倍）上都明显（p<0.05）更容易被识别，而仅穿着标准背心的则不容易被识别。老年驾驶员的反应距离明显更短。与视力或眩光敏感度相比，对比敏感度是识别道路作业人员能力的更好预测指标。我们得出结论，无论道路作业人员的方向和驾驶员的年龄如何，在生物运动配置中添加反光条都可以显著提高道路作业人员的可视性。
