Kroeger Iris, Liess Matthias, Duquesne Sabine
UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Science, Quantitative Landscape Ecology, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany.
J Vector Ecol. 2014 Jun;39(1):103-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2014.12076.x.
Investigations on natural antagonists of mosquito larvae found that micro-crustaceans (e.g., Cladocera) control mosquito populations under experimental conditions. However, their relevance for mosquito control under field situations remains widely unclear because important information about habitat preferences and time of occurrence of crustaceans and mosquito larvae are still missing. In order to fill this knowledge gap, a field study was undertaken in different wetland areas of Saxony, Germany, in different habitats (i.e., grassland, forest, and reed-covered wetlands). We found negative interactions between larvae of Ae. vexans and predatory Cyclopoida (Crustacean: Copepoda), which both were dominant during the first two weeks of hydroperiod, at ponds located at grassland habitats. Larvae of Cx. pipiens were spatially associated with competing Cladocera, but they colonized ponds more rapidly. Populations of Cladocera established from the third week of hydroperiod and prevented Cx. pipiens colonization thereafter. Ostracoda were highly abundant during the whole hydroperiod, but their presence was restricted to habitats of reed-covered wetland at one geographical area. Mosquito larvae hardly occurred at those ponds. In general, we found that ponds at the reed-covered wetlands provided better conditions for the initial development of crustaceans and hence, mosquito larval colonization was strongly inhibited. Grassland habitat, in contrast, favored early development of mosquito larvae. This study showed that micro-crustaceans are relevant for mosquito management but their impact on mosquito larvae varies between species and depends on environmental conditions.
对蚊虫幼虫天然天敌的调查发现，小型甲壳类动物（如枝角类）在实验条件下可控制蚊虫种群数量。然而，在野外环境中它们对蚊虫控制的相关性仍不清楚，因为关于甲壳类动物和蚊虫幼虫的栖息地偏好及出现时间的重要信息仍然缺失。为了填补这一知识空白，在德国萨克森州不同的湿地地区、不同的栖息地（即草地、森林和芦苇覆盖的湿地）开展了一项实地研究。我们发现，在草地栖息地的池塘中，在积水期的前两周，优势物种骚扰伊蚊幼虫与捕食性剑水蚤（甲壳纲：桡足亚纲）之间存在负相互作用。尖音库蚊幼虫在空间上与竞争性的枝角类动物相关联，但它们更快地在池塘中定殖。枝角类动物种群从积水期第三周开始形成，并在此后阻止了尖音库蚊的定殖。介形纲动物在整个积水期都非常丰富，但它们的存在仅限于一个地理区域的芦苇覆盖湿地栖息地。在那些池塘中几乎没有蚊虫幼虫出现。总体而言，我们发现芦苇覆盖湿地的池塘为甲壳类动物的初始发育提供了更好的条件，因此，蚊虫幼虫的定殖受到强烈抑制。相比之下，草地栖息地有利于蚊虫幼虫的早期发育。这项研究表明，小型甲壳类动物与蚊虫管理相关，但它们对蚊虫幼虫的影响因物种而异，并取决于环境条件。
