Oikonomou G, Trojacanec P, Ganda E K, Bicalho M L S, Bicalho R C
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom.
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
J Dairy Sci. 2014 Jul;97(7):4208-15. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7534. Epub 2014 May 16.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between digital cushion thickness and sole temperature measured by infrared thermography. Data were collected from 216 lactating Holstein cows at 4 to 10d in milk (DIM). Cows were locomotion scored and sole temperature was measured after claw trimming (a minimum delay of 3 min was allowed for the hoof to cool) using an infrared thermography camera. Temperature was measured at the typical ulcer site of the lateral digit of the left hind foot. Immediately after the thermographic image was obtained, the thickness of the digital cushion was measured by ultrasonography. Rumen fluid samples were collected with a stomach tube and sample pH was measured immediately after collection. Additionally, a blood sample was obtained and used for measurements of serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and haptoglobin. To evaluate the associations of digital cushion thickness with sole temperature, a linear regression model was built using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Sole temperature was the response variable, and digital cushion thickness quartiles, locomotion score group, rumen fluid pH, rumen fluid sample volume, environmental temperature, age in days, and serum levels of NEFA, BHBA, and haptoglobin were fitted in the model. Only significant variables were retained in the final model. Simple linear regression scatter plots were used to illustrate associations between sole temperature (measured by infrared thermography at the typical ulcer site) and environmental temperature and between NEFA and BHBA serum levels and haptoglobin. One-way ANOVA was used to compare rumen fluid pH for different locomotion score groups and for different digital cushion quartiles. Results from the multivariable linear regression model showed that sole temperature increased as locomotion scores increased and decreased as digital cushion thickness increased. These results were adjusted for environmental temperature, which was significantly associated with sole temperature. Serum levels of NEFA, BHBA, and haptoglobin were not associated with sole temperature. However, significant correlations existed between serum levels of NEFA and haptoglobin and between serum levels of BHBA and haptoglobin. Rumen fluid pH was not associated with either locomotion score or digital cushion thickness. In conclusion, we show here that digital cushion thickness was associated with sole temperature in cows at 4 to 10 DIM.
本研究的主要目的是调查通过红外热成像测量的趾垫厚度与足底温度之间的关联。收集了216头处于泌乳期4至10天的荷斯坦奶牛的数据。对奶牛进行运动评分，并在修蹄后（允许蹄冷却至少3分钟）使用红外热成像相机测量足底温度。在左后足外侧趾的典型溃疡部位测量温度。在获得热成像图像后，立即通过超声测量趾垫厚度。用胃管采集瘤胃液样本，并在采集后立即测量样本pH值。此外，采集血样并用于测量血清β-羟基丁酸（BHBA）、非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）和触珠蛋白的浓度。为了评估趾垫厚度与足底温度之间的关联，使用SAS软件（SAS Institute Inc.，北卡罗来纳州卡里）中的GLIMMIX程序建立线性回归模型。足底温度为响应变量，趾垫厚度四分位数、运动评分组、瘤胃液pH值、瘤胃液样本体积、环境温度、日龄以及NEFA、BHBA和触珠蛋白的血清水平纳入模型。最终模型仅保留显著变量。使用简单线性回归散点图来说明（在典型溃疡部位通过红外热成像测量的）足底温度与环境温度之间以及NEFA和BHBA血清水平与触珠蛋白之间的关联。使用单因素方差分析比较不同运动评分组和不同趾垫四分位数的瘤胃液pH值。多变量线性回归模型的结果表明，足底温度随运动评分增加而升高，随趾垫厚度增加而降低。这些结果针对与足底温度显著相关的环境温度进行了调整。NEFA、BHBA和触珠蛋白的血清水平与足底温度无关。然而，NEFA与触珠蛋白的血清水平之间以及BHBA与触珠蛋白的血清水平之间存在显著相关性。瘤胃液pH值与运动评分或趾垫厚度均无关。总之，我们在此表明，在4至10天泌乳期的奶牛中，趾垫厚度与足底温度相关。
