Gruppo Ricicla, DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Gruppo Ricicla, DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; Gruppo Ricicla, DiSAA, Biomass and Bioenergy Lab., Parco Tecnologico Padano, Via Einstein, Località Cascina Codazza, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Waste Manag. 2014 Aug;34(8):1429-35. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.04.018. Epub 2014 May 16.
The purpose of this study was to observe the economic sustainability of three different biogas full scale plants, fed with different organic matrices: energy crops (EC), manure, agro-industrial (Plants B and C) and organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) (Plant A). The plants were observed for one year and total annual biomass feeding, biomass composition and biomass cost (€ Mg(-1)), initial investment cost and plant electric power production were registered. The unit costs of biogas and electric energy (€ Sm(-3)biogas, € kWh(-1)EE) were differently distributed, depending on the type of feed and plant. Plant A showed high management/maintenance cost for OFMSW treatment (0.155 € Sm(-3)biogas, 45% of total cost), Plant B suffered high cost for EC supply (0.130 € Sm(-3)biogas, 49% of total cost) and Plant C showed higher impact on the total costs because of the depreciation charge (0.146 € Sm(-3)biogas, 41% of total costs). The breakeven point for the tariff of electric energy, calculated for the different cases, resulted in the range 120-170 € MWh(-1)EE, depending on fed materials and plant scale. EC had great impact on biomass supply costs and should be reduced, in favor of organic waste and residues; plant scale still heavily influences the production costs. The EU States should drive incentives in dependence of these factors, to further develop this still promising sector.
本研究旨在观察三种不同规模的沼气厂的经济可持续性,这些沼气厂使用不同的有机基质:能源作物(EC)、粪便、农业工业(植物 B 和 C)和城市固体废物的有机部分(OFMSW)(植物 A)。这些工厂被观察了一年,记录了总年度生物质进料量、生物质组成和生物质成本(€ Mg(-1))、初始投资成本和工厂电力生产。沼气和电能的单位成本(€ Sm(-3)biogas,€ kWh(-1)EE)因饲料和工厂的类型而异。植物 A 对 OFMSW 处理的管理/维护成本较高(0.155 € Sm(-3)biogas,占总成本的 45%),植物 B 对 EC 供应的成本较高(0.130 € Sm(-3)biogas,占总成本的 49%),植物 C 由于折旧费用对总成本的影响更大(0.146 € Sm(-3)biogas,占总成本的 41%)。根据不同情况计算的电价盈亏平衡点为 120-170€MWh(-1)EE,具体取决于饲料和工厂规模。EC 对生物质供应成本有重大影响,应减少其使用,转而使用有机废物和残渣;工厂规模仍严重影响生产成本。欧盟各国应根据这些因素制定激励措施,以进一步发展这一仍有前途的部门。