Schievano Andrea, D'Imporzano Giuliana, Adani Fabrizio
Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
J Environ Manage. 2009 Jun;90(8):2537-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.013. Epub 2009 Feb 28.
In this study, industrial and agro-industrial by-products and residues (BRs), animal manures (AMs), and various types of organic wastes (OWs) were analyzed to evaluate their suitability as substitutes for energy crops (ECs) in biogas production. A comparison between the costs of the volume of biogas that can be produced from each substrate was presented with respect to the prices of the substrates in the Italian market. Furthermore, four different feeding mixtures were compared with a mixture of EC and swine manure (Mixture A) used in a full-scale plant in Italy. Swine manure is always included as a basic substrate in the feeding mixtures, because many of the Italian biogas plants are connected to farms. When EC were partially substituted with BR (Mixture B), the cost (0.28 euro Nm(-3)) of the volume of biogas of Mixture A dropped to 0.18 euro Nm(-3). Furthermore, when the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and olive oil sludge (OS) were used as possible solutions (Mixtures C and D), the costs of the volume of biogas were -0.20 and 0.11euroNm(-3), respectively. The negative price signifies that operators earn money for treating the waste. For the fifth mix (Mixture E) of the OFMSW with a high solid substrate, such as glycerin from biodiesel production, the resulting cost of the volume of biogas produced was -0.09 euro Nm(-3). By comparing these figures, it is evident that the biogas plants at farm level are good candidates for treating organic residues of both municipalities and the agro-industrial sector in a cost-effective way, and in providing territorially diffused electric and thermal power. This may represent a potential development for agrarian economy.
在本研究中，对工业和农工业副产品及残渣（BRs）、动物粪便（AMs）以及各类有机废弃物（OWs）进行了分析，以评估它们作为能源作物（ECs）替代品用于沼气生产的适用性。针对意大利市场上各底物的价格，给出了由每种底物可生产的沼气量成本之间的比较。此外，将四种不同的进料混合物与意大利一家大型工厂使用的能源作物和猪粪混合物（混合物A）进行了比较。猪粪始终作为进料混合物中的基本底物包含在内，因为许多意大利沼气厂都与农场相连。当用BR部分替代能源作物时（混合物B），混合物A的沼气量成本（0.28欧元/立方米）降至0.18欧元/立方米。此外，当将城市固体废弃物有机组分（OFMSW）和橄榄油污泥（OS）用作可能的解决方案时（混合物C和D），沼气量成本分别为-0.20和0.11欧元/立方米。负价格表明运营商处理这些废弃物能赚钱。对于OFMSW与高固体底物（如生物柴油生产中的甘油）的第五种混合物（混合物E），所产生的沼气量成本为-0.09欧元/立方米。通过比较这些数据，很明显农场层面的沼气厂是经济高效处理城市和农工业部门有机残渣以及提供区域分散电力和热能的理想选择。这可能代表着农业经济的一个潜在发展方向。
