Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MSC10 5580, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2014 Jun;41(2):255-66. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2014.02.007.
More than 400,000 deaths occur per year in the United States that are attributable to cigarette smoking; the risks to the general public are widely known. The risk to women, especially those who are pregnant, is less commonly known. During pregnancy, smoking increases the risk of low birth weight infants, placental problems (previa and/or abruption), chronic hypertensive disorders, and fetal death. It is proposed that much of this happens because of vasoconstriction with decreased uterine blood flow from nicotine, carbon monoxide toxicity, and increased cyanide production. Infants of smoking mothers have increased risks, such as sudden infant death syndrome.
在美国，每年有超过 40 万人的死亡可归因于吸烟；公众普遍知晓吸烟的风险。但女性所面临的风险（尤其是孕妇）却鲜为人知。怀孕期间，吸烟会增加婴儿出生体重过低、胎盘问题（前置胎盘和/或胎盘早剥）、慢性高血压疾病和胎儿死亡的风险。据推测，这在很大程度上是由于尼古丁导致的血管收缩和子宫血流量减少、一氧化碳中毒和氰化物生成增加所致。吸烟母亲的婴儿面临着更高的风险，例如婴儿猝死综合征。
