Diraviyam Thirumalai, Zhao Bin, Wang Yuan, Schade Ruediger, Michael Antonysamy, Zhang Xiaoying
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
PLoS One. 2014 May 20;9(5):e97716. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097716. eCollection 2014.
IgY antibodies are serum immunoglobulin in birds, reptiles and amphibians, and are transferred from serum to egg yolk to confer passive immunity to their embryos and offspring. Currently, the oral passive immunization using chicken IgY has been focused as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment and control of diarrhea in animals and humans. This systematic review was focused to determine the effect of IgY in controlling and preventing diarrhea in domesticated animals including Piglets, Mice, Poultry and Calves.
Previous research reports focused on treatment effect of Chicken IgY against diarrhea were retrieved from different electronic data bases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPRINGER-LINK, WILEY, AGRICOLA, MEDWELL Journals, Scientific Publish, Chinese articles from Core periodicals in 2012). A total of 61 studies in 4 different animal classes met the inclusion criteria. Data on study characteristics and outcome measures were extracted. The pooled relative risk (RR) of 49 studies of different animals [Piglets--22; Mice--14; Poultry--7 and Calves--6] in meta-analyses revealed that, IgY significantly reduced the risk of diarrhea in treatment group when compare to the placebo. However, the 95% confidence intervals of the majority of studies in animal class piglets and calves embrace RR of one. The same results were obtained in sub group analyses (treatment regiment--prophylactic or therapeutic; pathogen type--bacterial or viral). Perhaps, this inconsistency in the effect of IgY at the individual study level and overall effect measures could be influenced by the methodological heterogeneity.
The present systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis demonstrated the beneficial effect of IgY. This supports the opinion that IgY is useful for prophylaxis and treatment. However, more intensive studies using the gold standard animal experiments with the focus to use IgY alone or in combination with other alternative strategies are indispensable.
IgY抗体是鸟类、爬行动物和两栖动物血清中的免疫球蛋白，会从血清转移至蛋黄，从而为其胚胎和后代提供被动免疫。目前，使用鸡IgY进行口服被动免疫已成为治疗和控制动物及人类腹泻的抗生素替代方法。本系统评价旨在确定IgY在控制和预防包括仔猪、小鼠、家禽和犊牛在内的家养动物腹泻方面的效果。
从不同电子数据库（MEDLINE、EMBASE、SPRINGER-LINK、WILEY、AGRINOLA、MEDWELL期刊、Scientific Publish、2012年核心期刊中文文章）中检索了先前关于鸡IgY抗腹泻治疗效果的研究报告。共有4种不同动物类别的61项研究符合纳入标准。提取了有关研究特征和结果指标的数据。荟萃分析中49项不同动物研究（仔猪——22项；小鼠——14项；家禽——7项；犊牛——6项）的合并相对风险（RR）显示，与安慰剂相比，IgY显著降低了治疗组腹泻风险。然而，仔猪和犊牛类别中大多数研究的95%置信区间包含RR值1。亚组分析（治疗方案——预防性或治疗性；病原体类型——细菌性或病毒性）也得到了相同结果。或许，IgY在个体研究水平和总体效果测量上效果的这种不一致可能受到方法学异质性的影响。
本系统评价（SR）和荟萃分析证明了IgY的有益效果。这支持了IgY可用于预防和治疗的观点。然而，使用金标准动物实验，重点单独使用IgY或与其他替代策略联合使用的更深入研究是必不可少的。
