Borges Guilherme, Benjet Corina, Petukhova Maria, Medina-Mora Maria Elena
Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico.
J Trauma Stress. 2014 Jun;27(3):323-30. doi: 10.1002/jts.21917. Epub 2014 May 21.
This study describes the public health burden of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in relation to the full range of traumatic events to identify the conditional risk of PTSD from each traumatic event experienced in the Mexican population and other risk factors. The representative sample comprised a subsample (N = 2,362) of the urban participants of the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (2001-2002). We used the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to assess exposure to trauma and the presence of PTSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, ) in each respondents' self-reported worst traumatic event, as well as a randomly selected lifetime trauma. The results showed that traumatic events were extremely common in Mexico (68.8%). The estimate of lifetime PTSD in the whole population was 1.5%; among only those with a traumatic event it was 2.1%. The 12-month prevalence of PTSD in the whole population was 0.6%; among only those with a traumatic event it was 0.8%. Violence-related events were responsible for a large share of PTSD. Sexual violence, in particular, was one of the greatest risks for developing PTSD. These findings support the idea that trauma in Mexico should be considered a public health concern.
本研究描述了创伤暴露和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的公共卫生负担，涉及各类创伤事件，以确定墨西哥人群中经历的每一种创伤事件导致PTSD的条件风险以及其他风险因素。代表性样本包括墨西哥国家共病调查（2001 - 2002年）城市参与者的一个子样本（N = 2362）。我们使用世界卫生组织的综合国际诊断访谈（CIDI），根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（第4版；DSM - IV；美国精神病学协会），评估每位受访者自我报告的最严重创伤事件以及随机选择的终生创伤事件中的创伤暴露情况和PTSD的存在情况。结果显示，创伤事件在墨西哥极为常见（68.8%）。整个人口中终生PTSD的估计患病率为1.5%；仅在有创伤事件的人群中为2.1%。整个人口中PTSD的12个月患病率为0.6%；仅在有创伤事件的人群中为0.8%。与暴力相关的事件导致了很大一部分PTSD。特别是性暴力，是患PTSD的最大风险之一。这些发现支持了墨西哥的创伤应被视为公共卫生问题这一观点。
