Hatsukami D, Fletcher L, Morgan S, Keenan R, Amble P
University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis 55455.
J Subst Abuse. 1989;1(4):407-16.
The effects of varying times of cigarette deprivation on cognitive and performance tasks were examined. This study employed a between-subjects design in which five groups of smokers (9-10 subjects in each group) were compared on a vigilance task and cognitive measures as a function of length of deprivation (0, 2, 4, 8, or 24 hours). Each subject was tested during baseline ad-lib smoking and at one of the deprivation durations. Difference scores were compared between the 0-hour group and the 2-, 4-, 8-, and 24-hour groups. The results showed that there were no significant withdrawal effects on the measures at 2, 4, and 8 hours after cigarette deprivation with the exception of poorer performance on the Trail Making Test (B) at 4 hours, However, there were significant withdrawal effects at 24-hours deprivation. These included increased mean reaction time, increased variability in reaction time, and increased errors of commission on the vigilance task. There were near significant changes at 24-hours deprivation on the Trail Making Test (B) and Symbol Digits Modalities.
研究了不同时长的戒烟对认知和表现任务的影响。本研究采用组间设计，将五组吸烟者（每组9 - 10名受试者）在警觉任务和认知测量方面作为戒烟时长（0、2、4、8或24小时）的函数进行比较。每位受试者在基线自由吸烟期间以及其中一个戒烟时长进行测试。比较了0小时组与2小时、4小时、8小时和24小时组之间的差异分数。结果显示，除了在4小时时连线测验（B）表现较差外，在戒烟2、4和8小时后，这些测量指标上没有显著的戒断效应。然而，在戒烟24小时时有显著的戒断效应。这些效应包括平均反应时间增加、反应时间变异性增加以及警觉任务中的误判错误增加。在戒烟24小时时，连线测验（B）和符号数字模式有接近显著的变化。
