The uterine fibroid is a benign tumour. The prevalence, in all the population, is 50% for european women and 80% for black women. 30% of fibroids are symptomatic. The new FIGO classification gives 7 positions (0 to 7), submuccus (0, 1, 2), interstitial (3, 4, 5), subserous (6, 7). Diagnosis is performed by 2D and 3D ultrasound which could be associated by hysterosonography. Hysteroscopy and MRI could be proposed. Hysterectomy is the main treatment, if possible by vaginal or laparoscopic way. Conservative treatment (myomectomy) could be realized by hysteroscopic, laparoscopic way or laparotomy for patients who desire to preserve fertility. Arteries embolisation is an alternative to hysterectomy or myomectomy for patients without desire of pregnancy. Preoperative treatments by GnRH agonist or SPRM like ulipristal acetate treat anaemia, decrease the myoma volume and could modify the therapeutic strategy.
子宫肌瘤是一种良性肿瘤。在所有人群中，欧洲女性的患病率为50%，黑人女性为80%。30%的肌瘤有症状。国际妇产科联合会（FIGO）的新分类给出了7个位置（0至7），黏膜下（0、1、2），肌壁间（3、4、5），浆膜下（6、7）。诊断通过二维和三维超声进行，可联合子宫超声造影。也可考虑宫腔镜检查和磁共振成像（MRI）。子宫切除术是主要治疗方法，如有可能可通过阴道或腹腔镜方式进行。对于希望保留生育能力的患者，保守治疗（肌瘤切除术）可通过宫腔镜、腹腔镜或剖腹手术实现。动脉栓塞术是不希望怀孕的患者替代子宫切除术或肌瘤切除术的一种选择。使用促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）激动剂或选择性孕激素受体调节剂（SPRM）如醋酸乌利司他进行术前治疗可治疗贫血、减小肌瘤体积并可能改变治疗策略。
