Massoure Pierre-Laurent, Camus Olivier, Chenilleau Marie-Caroline, Gil Jean-Marie, Fourcade Laurent
Hôpital Laveran, service de cardiologie, 13384 Marseille cedex 13, France.
Hôpital Laveran, service de cardiologie, 13384 Marseille cedex 13, France.
Presse Med. 2014 Jul-Aug;43(7-8):840-7. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2014.02.020. Epub 2014 May 22.
Physical training significantly reduces all cause mortality in the general population. Eligibility for competitive sport participation in athletes with cardiovascular diseases is based on recommendations. Incidence of sudden cardiac death in young athletes is low (0.5 to 2/100,000 athletes/year). The most common cardiac diseases at risk are hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, congenital coronary arteries abnormalities, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and acute myocarditis. Pre-participation screening is based on the cardiovascular evaluation, including ECG (repeated every 3years since the age of 12 and every 5years since the age of 20 to the age of 35). Some events are unpredictable (idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, sudden death related to congenital coronary arteries abnormalities or commotio cordis). A better access to public defibrillation is needed.
体育锻炼能显著降低普通人群的全因死亡率。患有心血管疾病的运动员参与竞技运动的资格是基于相关建议确定的。年轻运动员心源性猝死的发生率较低（每年每10万名运动员中有0.5至2例）。最常见的有风险的心脏疾病是肥厚型心肌病、先天性冠状动脉异常、致心律失常性右室心肌病和急性心肌炎。赛前筛查基于心血管评估，包括心电图检查（12岁起每3年重复一次，20岁至35岁每5年重复一次）。有些情况是不可预测的（特发性心室颤动、与先天性冠状动脉异常或心脏震荡相关的猝死）。需要更好地普及公众除颤设备。
