Augat P, Morgan E F, Lujan T J, MacGillivray T J, Cheung W H
Institute of Biomechanics, Trauma Center Murnau, Prof.-Kuentscher-Str. 8, 82418 Murnau, Germany; Institute of Biomechanics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, Salzburg, Austria.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Injury. 2014 Jun;45 Suppl 2:S16-22. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.04.004.
Imaging of a healing fracture provides a non-invasive and often instructive reproduction of the fracture repair progress and the healing status of bone. However, the interpretation of this reproduction is often qualitative and provides only an indirect and surrogate measure of the mechanical stability of the healing fracture. Refinements of the available imaging techniques have been suggested to more accurately determine the healing status of bone. Plain radiographs provide the ability to determine the degree of bridging of the fracture gap and to quantify the amount of periosteal callus formation. Absorptiometric measures including dual X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography provide quantitative information on the amount and the density of newly formed bone around the site of the fracture. To include the effect of spatial distribution of newly formed bone, finite element models of healing fracture can be employed to estimate its load bearing capacity. Ultrasound technology not only avoids radiation doses to the patients but also provides the ability to additionally measure vascularity in the surrounding soft tissue of the fracture and in the fracture itself.
愈合骨折的影像学检查能对骨折修复进程和骨骼愈合状态进行非侵入性且通常具有指导意义的再现。然而，对这种再现的解读往往是定性的，仅提供愈合骨折机械稳定性的间接替代指标。有人建议改进现有成像技术，以便更准确地确定骨骼的愈合状态。普通X线片能够确定骨折间隙的桥接程度，并量化骨膜骨痂形成的量。包括双能X线吸收法和计算机断层扫描在内的骨密度测量方法可提供骨折部位周围新形成骨的量和密度的定量信息。为纳入新形成骨的空间分布效应，可采用愈合骨折的有限元模型来估计其承载能力。超声技术不仅避免了对患者的辐射剂量，还能够额外测量骨折周围软组织以及骨折部位本身的血管情况。
