Department of Anthropology, Faculté d'Anthropologie, de Sociologie et de Science Politique, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Campus Porte des Alpes, Bâtiment K, 5 Av. Pierre Mendès France, 69676 Bron Cedex, France.
Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2014 Nov;120:360-7. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.018. Epub 2014 May 14.
Exclusionary practices in dominant market-based systems are recognized as contributing to global health inequities. Undocumented immigrants are particularly vulnerable to unequal access to healthcare. Humanitarian NGOs strive to respond meaningfully to these health inequities among migrants and undocumented immigrants. Few studies describe the work of humanitarian NGOs that advocate for the right to health of undocumented immigrants in high-income countries. This paper discusses immigration, health, and human rights while examining solidarity, spirituality, and advocacy using a U.S.-based example of medical humanitarianism: the 'Our Lady of Guadalupe Free Clinic.' In 2011, the Free Clinic began in the basement of a Catholic parish in Minnesota in response to the lack of access to medical services for undocumented immigrants. Run by a local grassroots organization, it is held every six weeks and offers free primary healthcare to Latino immigrants and the uninsured. In this article, we examine the tricky relationship between humanitarianism and human rights in the U.S. Using ethnography, we draw on participant observation and interviews with 30 clinic volunteers, including health professionals, administrators, language interpreters, and spiritual leaders. The study was conducted September 2012-December 2013 in southern Minnesota. We examine how notions of solidarity, spirituality, and advocacy structure faith-based medical humanitarianism in the U.S. and explore the underlying tensions between the humanitarian mandate, spiritual teachings (social justice, solidarity), and political advocacy. Examining a moment of "crisis" in the Clinic, our study shows that volunteers experience the alliance between spirituality and advocacy with uneasiness. While a spiritual calling may initially motivate volunteers to serve, an embrace of human rights advocacy is important in a sustained effort to provide humanitarian medical care to individuals who fall outside of the political and moral community in the U.S.
排斥性做法在主导的市场为基础的系统被认为是造成全球卫生不公平。无证移民尤其容易获得不平等的医疗保健。人道主义非政府组织努力应对这些不平等的移民和无证移民的健康。很少有研究描述的工作，人道主义非政府组织倡导的健康权的无证移民在高收入国家。本文讨论移民、健康和人权的同时检查团结、精神和宣传使用基于美国的例子的医疗人道主义：“我们的圣母瓜达卢佩免费诊所”。在 2011 年，免费诊所开始在地下室的一个天主教教区在明尼苏达州，以回应缺乏获得医疗服务的无证移民。由当地的基层组织，它是举行每六个星期，并提供免费的初级医疗保健的拉丁裔移民和没有保险的人。在这篇文章中，我们检查之间的棘手关系人道主义和人权在美国。使用民族志，我们利用参与者观察和访谈 30 个诊所的志愿者，包括卫生专业人员、管理人员、语言翻译和精神领袖。这项研究是在 2012 年 9 月至 2013 年 12 月在明尼苏达州南部进行的。我们检查团结、精神和宣传结构的概念如何信仰为基础的医疗人道主义在美国和探讨潜在的紧张关系之间的人道主义任务、精神教义（社会正义、团结）和政治宣传。检查的时刻“危机”在诊所，我们的研究表明，志愿者的经验团结和宣传与不安。虽然一个精神呼吁可能最初激励志愿者服务，拥抱人权倡导是重要的持续努力提供人道主义医疗照顾的个人谁属于美国的政治和道德社区之外。
