Brackney Dana E, Cutshall Michael
Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
Honors College, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA.
J Sch Nurs. 2015 Feb;31(1):6-21. doi: 10.1177/1059840514535445. Epub 2014 May 26.
Childhood obesity and the early development of type 2 diabetes (T2 DM) place students at risk for chronic health problems. The school nurse is uniquely situated to promote school health initiatives that influence health behavior. The purpose of this review was to determine effective nonpharmacological interventions for prevention of T2 DM in youth. Researchers from 35 reports modified T2 DM risk factors. These nonpharmacological interventions often include increasing daily activity, decreasing caloric intake, and increasing muscle mass. Some researchers also included psychological and social support interventions intended to strengthen initiating and/or maintaining health behavior. Characteristics of effective nonpharmacological T2 DM prevention interventions are discussed. Findings from this review are a useful guide for the implementation of T2 DM prevention strategies in the school setting. Few school-based studies included high school students; therefore, further research is needed among older adolescents on the efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions in the high school.
儿童肥胖症和2型糖尿病（T2 DM）的早期发展使学生面临慢性健康问题的风险。学校护士在促进影响健康行为的学校健康倡议方面具有独特的地位。本综述的目的是确定预防青少年T2 DM的有效非药物干预措施。来自35份报告的研究人员改变了T2 DM的风险因素。这些非药物干预措施通常包括增加日常活动、减少热量摄入和增加肌肉量。一些研究人员还纳入了旨在加强启动和/或维持健康行为的心理和社会支持干预措施。本文讨论了有效的非药物T2 DM预防干预措施的特点。本综述的结果对在学校环境中实施T2 DM预防策略是一个有用的指导。很少有基于学校的研究纳入高中生；因此，需要对年龄较大的青少年进一步研究非药物干预措施在高中的效果。
