Zhang Qi-Xin, Li Jin-Hua, Xia Dong-Po, Zhu Yong, Wang Xi, Zhang Dao
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
Dongwuxue Yanjiu. 2014 May;35(3):214-21. doi: 10.11813/j.issn.0254-5853.2014.3.214.
Self-directed behavior (SDB) is characterized as an indicator of anxiety, frustration and stress in nonhuman primates. In this study, we collected self-directed behavior data from one group of free-ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Mt. Huangshan, China (September 2012-May 2013) using a combination of behavioral sampling methods including focal animal sampling, behavioral sampling, continuous sampling and instantaneous sampling. Our results showed that females engaged in significantly higher rates of self-directed behavior when they were in proximity to dominant individuals compared to subordinate ones. Conflict losers significantly increased their SDB rates after agonistic episodes, indicating that SDB might also serve as an index of anxiety in M. thibetana. We further found that females significantly increased their SDB rates when focal individual was proximity to weakly affiliation relationship higher rank members than to strongly affiliation relationship higher rank members. If conflicts were not reconciled, the postconflict SDB rates of losers were higher when they stayed with strongly affiliation opponents; if conflicts were reconciled, victims of strongly affiliation relationships opponents engaged in more SDB rates before reconciliation than after reconciliation, while victims of moderately affiliation relationships opponents did not engaged in more SDB rates before reconciliation than after reconciliation. We conclude that both of dominance rank and affiliation relationships might both influence the SDB rates of female Tibetan macaques significantly, suggesting that SDB is not only an index of anxiety in Tibetan macaques, but also can provide a new insight into evaluation of social relationships between individuals.
自我导向行为（SDB）被认为是非人类灵长类动物焦虑、沮丧和压力的一个指标。在本研究中，我们于2012年9月至2013年5月在中国黄山，使用包括焦点动物取样、行为取样、连续取样和瞬时取样在内的多种行为取样方法，收集了一组自由放养的藏猕猴（Macaca thibetana）的自我导向行为数据。我们的结果表明，与从属个体相比，雌性藏猕猴在靠近优势个体时自我导向行为的发生率显著更高。冲突失败者在争斗事件后显著提高了其SDB发生率，这表明SDB也可能是藏猕猴焦虑的一个指标。我们进一步发现，当焦点个体靠近与弱关联关系的高等级成员而非强关联关系的高等级成员时，雌性藏猕猴的SDB发生率显著增加。如果冲突没有得到解决，失败者在与强关联对手在一起时冲突后的SDB发生率更高；如果冲突得到解决，强关联关系对手的受害者在和解前比和解后有更多的SDB发生率，而中等关联关系对手的受害者在和解前并没有比和解后有更多的SDB发生率。我们得出结论，优势等级和关联关系都可能显著影响雌性藏猕猴的SDB发生率，这表明SDB不仅是藏猕猴焦虑的一个指标，还能为评估个体间社会关系提供新的视角。
