Wang Xi, Sun Lixing, Sheeran Lori K, Sun Bing-Hua, Zhang Qi-Xin, Zhang Dao, Xia Dong-Po, Li Jin-Hua
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington.
Am J Primatol. 2016 Aug;78(8):816-24. doi: 10.1002/ajp.22546. Epub 2016 Mar 17.
Research on leadership is a critical step for understanding collective decision making. However, only 4 of the 22 extant macaque species have been examined for the impact of social rank and affiliation on the initiation of collective movement. It is far from clear whether such impact exists and, if so, how it works among other macaques. To answer these questions, we investigated free-ranging, Tibetan macaques' (Macaca thibetana) group departures from a provisioning area and tested two alternative hypotheses: personal versus distributed leadership. Personal leadership predicts that a single, highest ranking individual initiates the most group movements, whereas distributed leadership predicts that different members lead the group on different occasions and affiliative individuals have more initiations. We recorded how often and how successfully adults initiated group movements from a provisioning area into the forest, and related these variables to the duration of interindividual proximity and grooming time in the forest. All adults initiated group movements, but did so variably. Social rank was related neither to the number of successful initiations nor to the success ratio of initiations. By contrast, eigenvector centrality based on proximity relations was positively correlated with the number and ratio of successful initiations. Moreover, successful initiations were positively correlated with social grooming. Overall, Tibetan macaques showed a pattern of distributed leadership. Our study demonstrated the relationship between social affiliation and individual leadership in a macaque society. Am. J. Primatol. 78:816-824, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
领导力研究是理解集体决策的关键一步。然而，在现存的22种猕猴物种中，仅对4种进行了社会等级和归属关系对集体行动发起影响的研究。这种影响是否存在，以及如果存在的话，在其他猕猴物种中是如何起作用的，目前还远不清楚。为了回答这些问题，我们调查了自由放养的藏猕猴（Macaca thibetana）群体从食物供应区出发的情况，并检验了两个替代性假设：个人领导与分布式领导。个人领导假说预测，单个最高等级个体发起的群体行动最多，而分布式领导假说预测，不同成员在不同场合引领群体，且具有社交亲和力的个体发起行动的次数更多。我们记录了成年个体从食物供应区发起群体行动进入森林的频率和成功率，并将这些变量与在森林中的个体间接近时间和梳理毛发时间的长短相关联。所有成年个体都发起过群体行动，但频率和成功率各不相同。社会等级与成功发起行动的次数以及发起行动的成功率均无关。相比之下，基于接近关系的特征向量中心性与成功发起行动的次数和比例呈正相关。此外，成功发起行动与社交梳理呈正相关。总体而言，藏猕猴表现出分布式领导模式。我们的研究揭示了猕猴社会中社会归属与个体领导力之间的关系。《美国灵长类学杂志》78:816 - 824，2016年。© 2016威利期刊公司
