Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 Sep;69(9):2326-36. doi: 10.1093/jac/dku173. Epub 2014 May 28.
Bacteriophage therapy (the application of phages to treat bacterial infections) has a tradition dating back almost a century, but interest in phage therapy slowed down in the West when antibiotics were discovered. With the emerging threat of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria and scarce prospects of newly introduced antibiotics in the future, phages are currently being reconsidered as alternative therapeutics. Conventional phage therapy uses lytic bacteriophages for treatment and recent human clinical trials have revealed encouraging results. In addition, several other modern approaches to phages as therapeutics have been made in vitro and in animal models. Dual therapy with phages and antibiotics has resulted in significant reductions in the number of bacterial pathogens. Bioengineered phages have overcome many of the problems of conventional phage therapy, enabled targeted drug delivery or reversed the resistance of drug-resistant bacteria. The use of enzymes derived from phages, such as endolysin, as therapeutic agents has been efficient in the elimination of Gram-positive pathogens. This review presents novel strategies for phage-related therapies and describes our current knowledge of natural bacteriophages within the human microbiome. Our aim is to provide an overview of the high number of different methodological concepts, thereby encouraging further research on this topic, with the ultimate goal of using phages as therapeutic or preventative medicines in daily clinical practice.
噬菌体疗法（应用噬菌体治疗细菌感染）已有近一个世纪的历史，但自从抗生素被发现后，西方对噬菌体疗法的兴趣就减弱了。随着多药耐药菌感染的出现以及未来新引入的抗生素前景黯淡，噬菌体目前正在被重新考虑作为替代疗法。传统的噬菌体疗法使用裂解噬菌体进行治疗，最近的人体临床试验结果令人鼓舞。此外，在体外和动物模型中也已经提出了几种其他现代噬菌体治疗方法。噬菌体与抗生素的双重治疗导致细菌病原体数量显著减少。经过生物工程改造的噬菌体克服了传统噬菌体疗法的许多问题，实现了靶向药物输送或逆转了耐药菌的耐药性。利用噬菌体衍生的酶，如内溶素，作为治疗剂，可有效消除革兰氏阳性病原体。本文介绍了与噬菌体相关的治疗新策略，并描述了我们目前对人类微生物组中天然噬菌体的了解。我们的目的是概述大量不同的方法学概念，从而鼓励进一步研究这一主题，最终目标是在日常临床实践中使用噬菌体作为治疗或预防药物。
