Blunt abdominal trauma.

Blunt abdominal trauma is a possible sequel of many accidents and can result in death from hemorrhage or sepsis if it is not detected early and managed aggressively. A thorough history of the causative accident, a systematic abdominal examination, selected laboratory studies, and x-ray films are helpful in establishing the diagnosis. Peritoneal lavage is, however, the most reliable assessment tool (besides an exploratory laparotomy) for confirming significant viscus injury and intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Nurses who are assisting in the evaluation of trauma victims should be thoroughly familiar with the mechanics responsible for blunt abdominal injury, the initial steps for stabilizing the victim, and the usual tests and procedures that aid in diagnosis.