Hayter J
Nurs Clin North Am. 1978 Jun;13(2):223-34.
The emergency nursing care of patients with major burns presents one of nursing's greatest challenges. Priority is given to lifesaving measures. After a quick overall assessment, a careful estimate of fluid and electrolyte loss is made. An issue in burn care is whether colloids should be given in the immediate postburn period. Large amounts of fluid are always given, and balanced salt solutions are being used increasingly without colloid. The patient's response to fluid therapy can be monitored by central venous pressure readings, vital signs, and hourly measurements of urinary output. Psychologic and physiologic stress intensify the problems and should be kept to a minimum. Only after other aspects of care have been attended is attention directed to care of the burn wound.
大面积烧伤患者的急诊护理是护理工作中最具挑战性的任务之一。首要任务是采取挽救生命的措施。在进行快速全面评估后，需仔细估算液体和电解质的丢失情况。烧伤护理中的一个问题是在烧伤后的即刻阶段是否应给予胶体。总是要给予大量液体，并且越来越多地使用平衡盐溶液而不使用胶体。可通过中心静脉压读数、生命体征以及每小时尿量测量来监测患者对液体疗法的反应。心理和生理压力会加剧这些问题，应将其降至最低。只有在处理好护理的其他方面之后，才会将注意力转向烧伤创面的护理。
