运动报道：北美职业运动医学文献的综合回顾。
Sports reporting: a comprehensive review of the medical literature regarding North American professional sports.
机构信息
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
出版信息
Phys Sportsmed. 2014 May;42(2):154-62. doi: 10.3810/psm.2014.05.2067.
BACKGROUND
The increased physical demands of professional athletes predispose this patient population to a unique set of injuries typically not seen in the general population. This systematic literature review investigates the nature of injury reporting (both orthopedic and nonorthopedic conditions) in the medical literature of professional athletes in the National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Hockey League (NHL). Rigorous reporting of sports injuries helps clinicians better understand disease mechanisms relevant to specific sports.
HYPOTHESIS
The nature of injury reporting will differ within each professional sport and reflect the anatomic emphasis of each sport.
METHODS
An electronic literature search of all publications addressing injuries and medical conditions among professional athletes in the NFL, MLB, NBA, and NHL was conducted using the Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases through January 2013. Retrieved publications were categorized by journal type, medical type, and area of focus.
RESULTS
A total of 536 publications met all inclusion criteria. There were a higher number of articles regarding the NFL (n = 211) and MLB (n = 216) when compared with the NBA (n = 34) or NHL (n = 75). The NFL had significantly more articles addressing nonorthopedic injuries/medical issues than were found with the MLB, NBA, or NHL (109 vs 75, 14, 41, respectively). Both the NFL (33 of 109, 30%) and NHL (6 of 41, 15%) had a relatively high percentage of articles regarding concussions/neurology, and MLB had a relatively high percentage of articles dedicated to vascular medicine (13 of 65, 20%). The proportion of publications dedicated to the knee/lower leg were highest in the NFL (29 of 102, 28%) and NBA (9 of 20, 45%), those dedicated to the shoulder/elbow were highest in MLB (113 of 151, 75%), and those dedicated to the hip/pelvis were highest in the NHL (16 of 34, 47%).
CONCLUSIONS
The number and type of publications vary among the 4 professional sports leagues, and generally reflect the nature of the sport being played.
背景
职业运动员的身体需求增加，使他们易患一些独特的损伤，这些损伤通常在普通人群中不会出现。本系统文献回顾调查了在国家橄榄球联盟（NFL）、美国职业棒球大联盟（MLB）、美国国家篮球协会（NBA）和国家冰球联盟（NHL）的医学文献中，职业运动员的损伤报告（包括骨科和非骨科疾病）的性质。对运动损伤的严格报告有助于临床医生更好地了解与特定运动相关的疾病机制。
假设
不同职业运动的损伤报告性质不同，并反映出各运动的解剖重点。
方法
通过 Pubmed/Medline、Scopus 和 Embase 数据库，对 NFL、MLB、NBA 和 NHL 中职业运动员的损伤和医学状况的所有出版物进行了电子文献检索，检索时间截至 2013 年 1 月。检索到的出版物根据期刊类型、医学类型和关注领域进行了分类。
结果
共有 536 篇符合所有纳入标准的出版物。与 NBA（n = 34）或 NHL（n = 75）相比，NFL（n = 211）和 MLB（n = 216）的文章数量明显更多。NFL 有更多关于非骨科损伤/医学问题的文章（n = 109），而 NBA 或 NHL 则较少（n = 75、14、41）。NFL（33 篇，30%）和 NHL（6 篇，15%）有相对较高比例的关于脑震荡/神经学的文章，而 MLB 有相对较高比例的专门针对血管医学的文章（n = 13，20%）。在 NFL（29 篇，28%）和 NBA（9 篇，45%）中，关于膝关节/小腿的出版物比例最高，在 MLB（113 篇，75%）中，关于肩部/肘部的出版物比例最高，在 NHL（16 篇，47%）中，关于髋关节/骨盆的出版物比例最高。
结论
这 4 个职业体育联盟的出版物数量和类型各不相同，一般反映了所进行的运动的性质。
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