Cochrane Graham Dean, Owen Matthew, Ackerson Joseph D, Hale Matthew H, Gould Sara
a University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine , Birmingham , AL , USA.
b Department of Psychology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA.
Phys Sportsmed. 2017 May;45(2):178-183. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2017.1305875. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
Concussion policies are increasingly being developed and adopted among professional sports organizations. We sought to compare the policies of the National Hockey League (NHL), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and Major League Baseball (MLB). Our objective was to summarize each policy and evaluate the extent to which each policy is organization-specific and/or consistent with medical guidelines. We visited websites for the NHL, NBA, NFL, and MLB. We searched media articles reporting concussion policy. We utilized only publically available data. We collected information on each league's approach to the definition of concussion, education provided about concussion, baseline testing requirements, minimum return to play time and return to play protocol. We found that concussion policies vary across these organizations. Most organizations utilize the Concussion in Sport Group (CISG) definition (2013) to define concussion. The NFL and NBA mandate preseason education. All organizations require some type of baseline testing. All organizations require sideline evaluation after suspected concussion. The NFL and MLB require Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) testing for sideline evaluation of suspected concussion. MLB is the only organization to require minimum time before return to play. There is a return to play protocol in place for each organization. The NFL and MLB require independent neurologic consultation as part of their return to play protocol. There is variability in concussion policy among the professional sports organizations. The most pronounced variation from the CISG consensus statement is the variability in the minimum time to return to play. Further, the rules of the individual sports have a role in how concussion policy can be designed and implemented. Professional sports set an example for thousands of recreational sports enthusiasts so their publically available policies on concussion have a large impact.
职业体育组织中越来越多地制定并采用了脑震荡政策。我们试图比较国家冰球联盟（NHL）、美国职业篮球联赛（NBA）、美国国家橄榄球联盟（NFL）和美国职业棒球大联盟（MLB）的政策。我们的目标是总结每项政策，并评估每项政策在多大程度上是特定于组织的和/或与医学指南一致。我们访问了NHL、NBA、NFL和MLB的网站。我们搜索了报道脑震荡政策的媒体文章。我们仅使用公开可用的数据。我们收集了有关每个联盟对脑震荡定义的方法、提供的脑震荡教育、基线测试要求、最短复出时间和复出协议的信息。我们发现这些组织的脑震荡政策各不相同。大多数组织采用运动中的脑震荡小组（CISG）定义（2013年）来定义脑震荡。NFL和NBA规定了季前教育。所有组织都要求进行某种类型的基线测试。所有组织都要求在疑似脑震荡后进行场边评估。NFL和MLB要求使用运动脑震荡评估工具（SCAT）进行疑似脑震荡的场边评估。MLB是唯一要求在复出前有最短时间规定的组织。每个组织都有复出协议。NFL和MLB要求在其复出协议中进行独立的神经科会诊。职业体育组织之间的脑震荡政策存在差异。与CISG共识声明最明显的差异在于复出的最短时间。此外，各单项运动的规则在脑震荡政策的设计和实施方式中发挥着作用。职业体育为成千上万的休闲体育爱好者树立了榜样，因此它们公开的脑震荡政策有很大影响。
