Takeshita Norio, Manck Raphael, Grün Nathalie, de Vega Satur Herrero, Fischer Reinhard
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Microbiology, Hertzstrasse 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany; University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Microbiology, Hertzstrasse 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2014 Aug;20:34-41. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.04.005. Epub 2014 May 27.
Cell polarization is a theme in biology conserved from bacteria to man. One of the most extremely polarized cells in nature is the hyphae of filamentous fungi. A continuous flow of secretion vesicles from the hyphal cell body to the tip is essential for cell wall and membrane extension. Microtubules (MTs) and actin, along with their corresponding motor proteins, are involved in the secretion process. Therefore, the arrangement of the cytoskeleton is a crucial step to establish and maintain polarity. Here we review recent findings unraveling the mechanism of polarized growth with special emphasis on the role of the actin and MT cytoskeletons and cell end markers linking the two cytoskeletons. We will mainly focus on Neurospora crassa and Aspergillus nidulans as model organisms.
细胞极化是生物学中的一个主题，从细菌到人类都存在。自然界中最极端的极化细胞之一是丝状真菌的菌丝。分泌囊泡从菌丝细胞体持续流向尖端对于细胞壁和细胞膜的延伸至关重要。微管（MTs）和肌动蛋白及其相应的运动蛋白参与了分泌过程。因此，细胞骨架的排列是建立和维持极性的关键步骤。在这里，我们回顾了最近揭示极化生长机制的研究发现，特别强调肌动蛋白和MT细胞骨架以及连接这两种细胞骨架的细胞末端标记物的作用。我们将主要关注粗糙脉孢菌和构巢曲霉这两种模式生物。
