Groth Anika, Schunke Carolin, Reschka Eva Johanna, Pöggeler Stefanie, Nordzieke Daniela Elisabeth
Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Jul 20;7(7):580. doi: 10.3390/jof7070580.
Polar growth is a key characteristic of all filamentous fungi. It allows these eukaryotes to not only effectively explore organic matter but also interact within its own colony, mating partners, and hosts. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the dynamics in polar growth establishment and maintenance is crucial for several fields of fungal research. We developed a new marker protein, the actin-related protein 1 (Arp1) fused to red and green fluorescent proteins, which allows for the tracking of polar axis establishment and active hyphal growth in microscopy approaches. To exclude a probable redundancy with known polarity markers, we compared the localizations of the Spitzenkörper (SPK) and Arp1 using an FM4-64 staining approach. As we show in applications with the coprophilous fungus and the hemibiotrophic plant pathogen , the monitoring of Arp1 can be used for detailed studies of hyphal growth dynamics and ascospore germination, the interpretation of chemotropic growth processes, and the tracking of elongating penetration pegs into plant material. Since the Arp1 marker showed the same dynamics in both fungi tested, we believe this marker can be broadly applied in fungal research to study the manifold polar growth processes determining fungal life.
极性生长是所有丝状真菌的一个关键特征。它使这些真核生物不仅能够有效地探索有机物，还能在其自身菌落、交配伙伴和宿主内部进行相互作用。因此，详细了解极性生长建立和维持的动态过程对于真菌研究的多个领域至关重要。我们开发了一种新的标记蛋白，即与红色和绿色荧光蛋白融合的肌动蛋白相关蛋白1（Arp1），它能够在显微镜方法中追踪极轴的建立和活跃的菌丝生长。为了排除与已知极性标记可能存在的冗余，我们使用FM4-64染色方法比较了Spitzenkörper（SPK）和Arp1的定位。正如我们在粪生真菌和半活体营养型植物病原体的应用中所展示的那样，对Arp1的监测可用于详细研究菌丝生长动态和子囊孢子萌发、化学趋向性生长过程的解释以及追踪延伸到植物材料中的穿透钉。由于Arp1标记在测试的两种真菌中都表现出相同的动态，我们相信这个标记可以广泛应用于真菌研究，以研究决定真菌生命的多种极性生长过程。
