Sundar Raghav, Soong Richie, Cho Byoung-Chul, Brahmer Julie R, Soo Ross A
Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.
Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore.
Lung Cancer. 2014 Aug;85(2):101-9. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.05.005. Epub 2014 May 14.
Advances in the understanding of the role of the immune system in tumor immunosurveillance have resulted in the recognition that tumors can evade immune destruction via the dysregulation of co-inhibitory or checkpoint signals. This has led to the development of a generation immunotherapeutic agents targeting the immune checkpoint pathway. Recent early phase studies of immune checkpoint modulators, such as CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in NSCLC have reported promising results with prolonged clinical responses and tolerable toxicity. This article provides an overview of co-stimulatory and inhibitory molecules that regulate the immune response to tumors, recent therapies that have been developed to exploit these interactions and the role of predictive biomarkers in treatment selection.
对免疫系统在肿瘤免疫监视中作用的理解取得了进展，这使人们认识到肿瘤可通过共抑制或检查点信号的失调来逃避免疫破坏。这促使了一代针对免疫检查点途径的免疫治疗药物的开发。近期关于免疫检查点调节剂（如CTLA-4、PD-1和PD-L1抑制剂）在非小细胞肺癌中的早期研究报告了令人鼓舞的结果，临床反应延长且毒性可耐受。本文概述了调节对肿瘤免疫反应的共刺激和抑制分子、为利用这些相互作用而开发的近期疗法以及预测性生物标志物在治疗选择中的作用。
