Sullivan Ryan J, Fisher David E
Center for Melanoma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Bartlett 6, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2014 Jun;28(3):437-53. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2014.02.007.
From 1976 to 2010, only 2 medications were approved for treating metastatic melanoma. Between 2011 and 2013, 4 agents were approved and other therapies have shown great promise in clinical trials. Fundamental discoveries, such as the identification of oncogenic mutations in most melanomas, the elucidation of the molecular signaling resulting from these mutations, and the revelation that several cell surface molecules serve as regulators of immune activation, have been instrumental in this progress. This article summarizes the molecular pathogenesis of melanoma, describes the current efforts to target oncogene-driven signaling, and presents the rationale for combining immune and molecular targeting.
从1976年到2010年，仅有两种药物被批准用于治疗转移性黑色素瘤。在2011年至2013年期间，有4种药物被批准，并且其他疗法在临床试验中也显示出了巨大的前景。一些基础性的发现，比如在大多数黑色素瘤中鉴定出致癌突变、阐明这些突变所产生的分子信号传导，以及揭示几种细胞表面分子作为免疫激活调节剂，在这一进展中发挥了重要作用。本文总结了黑色素瘤的分子发病机制，描述了目前针对癌基因驱动信号传导的研究工作，并阐述了免疫治疗与分子靶向治疗联合应用的基本原理。
