预防住院患者自杀。
Preventing suicide among inpatients.
出版信息
Can J Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;59(3):131-40. doi: 10.1177/070674371405900304.
OBJECTIVE
Inpatient suicide comprises a proportionately small but clinically important fraction of suicide. This study is intended as a qualitative analysis of the comprehensive English literature, highlighting what is known and what can be done to prevent inpatient suicide.
METHOD
A systematic search was conducted on the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, and a personal database for articles on cohort series, preferably controlled, of inpatient suicide (not deliberate self-harm or attempted suicide, unless they also dealt specifically with suicide data).
RESULTS
A qualitative discussion is presented, based on the findings of the literature searched.
CONCLUSIONS
The bulk of inpatient suicides actually occur not on the ward but off premises, when the patient was on leave or had absconded. Peaks occur shortly after admission and discharge. It is possible to reduce suicide risk on the ward by having a safe environment, optimizing patient visibility, supervising patients appropriately, careful assessment, awareness of and respect for suicide risk, good teamwork and communication, and adequate clinical treatment.
目的
住院患者自杀在自杀人群中占比较小，但具有重要的临床意义。本研究旨在对英文文献进行全面的定性分析，重点阐述了解决住院患者自杀问题的相关知识和措施。
方法
对 Cochrane 图书馆、PubMed、Embase、Web of Knowledge 以及个人数据库中的队列系列文章（最好是对照研究）进行了系统性检索，纳入标准为住院患者自杀（不包括故意自残或自杀未遂，除非其专门涉及自杀数据）。
结果
基于检索到的文献结果进行了定性讨论。
结论
大部分住院自杀患者实际上是在离开病房时自杀的，要么是在请假期间，要么是擅自离开医院。住院患者自杀的高峰期出现在入院和出院后不久。通过提供安全的环境、优化患者可见性、适当监督患者、仔细评估、对自杀风险有清醒的认识并给予充分的尊重、良好的团队合作和沟通以及充分的临床治疗，可以降低病房内的自杀风险。
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