Ramon Sesquile, Woeller Collynn F, Phipps Richard P
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642.
Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642.
Curr Angiogenes. 2013 Sep 1;2(2):135-142. doi: 10.2174/2211552802999140131105947.
Inflammation is implicated in the progression of multiple types of cancers including lung, colorectal, breast and hematological malignancies. Cyclooxygenases (Cox) -1 and -2 are important enzymes involved in the regulation of inflammation. Elevated Cox-2 expression is associated with a poor cancer prognosis. Hematological malignancies, which are among the top 10 most predominant cancers in the USA, express high levels of Cox-2. Current therapeutic approaches against hematological malignances are insufficient as many patients develop resistance or relapse. Therefore, targeting Cox-2 holds promise as a therapeutic approach to treat hematological malignancies. NSAIDs and Cox-2 selective inhibitors are anti-inflammatory drugs that decrease prostaglandin and thromboxane production while promoting the synthesis of specialized proresolving mediators. Here, we review the evidence regarding the applicability of NSAIDs, such as aspirin, as well as Cox-2 specific inhibitors, to treat hematological malignancies. Furthermore, we discuss how FDA-approved Cox inhibitors can be used as anti-cancer drugs alone or in combination with existing chemotherapeutic treatments.
炎症与多种癌症的进展有关，包括肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌和血液系统恶性肿瘤。环氧化酶（Cox）-1和-2是参与炎症调节的重要酶。Cox-2表达升高与癌症预后不良相关。血液系统恶性肿瘤是美国最常见的十大癌症之一，其Cox-2表达水平很高。目前针对血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗方法并不充分，因为许多患者会产生耐药性或复发。因此，靶向Cox-2有望成为治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的一种治疗方法。非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）和Cox-2选择性抑制剂是抗炎药物，可减少前列腺素和血栓素的产生，同时促进特异性促消退介质的合成。在此，我们综述了关于NSAIDs（如阿司匹林）以及Cox-2特异性抑制剂用于治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的适用性的证据。此外，我们还讨论了美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的Cox抑制剂如何单独或与现有化疗治疗联合用作抗癌药物。
