Shriver Adam
Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2015;19:117-32. doi: 10.1007/7854_2014_318.
The use of genetic engineering to enhance the welfare of laboratory animals can reduce the amount of suffering in current neuroscience research paradigms. In particular, for some forms of basic research, we can use welfare-enhanced animals to reduce harms to animals without sacrificing any of the scientific validity. In another group of experiments, we can use welfare-enhanced animals to dramatically reduce the number of unprotected animals enduring aversive procedures. Many of the objections to using welfare-enhanced animals for food production do not apply to their use in research, since genetic knockout techniques are already used routinely in research for human ends and since there is no risk for human health. Furthermore, examples of recent knockout experiments suggest that we already have, or are very close to having, the capacity to reduce suffering in laboratories via genetic engineering. If we are truly committed to balancing the advancement of science with the welfare of animals, this option should be further explored.
利用基因工程提高实验动物的福利,可以减少当前神经科学研究范式中的痛苦。特别是对于某些基础研究形式,我们可以使用福利改善型动物来减少对动物的伤害,而不牺牲任何科学有效性。在另一组实验中,我们可以使用福利改善型动物大幅减少遭受厌恶程序的无保护动物数量。许多反对将福利改善型动物用于食品生产的理由并不适用于它们在研究中的使用,因为基因敲除技术已经在为人类目的的研究中常规使用,而且不存在对人类健康的风险。此外,最近基因敲除实验的例子表明,我们已经有能力,或者非常接近有能力,通过基因工程减少实验室中的痛苦。如果我们真的致力于平衡科学进步与动物福利,应该进一步探索这一选择。