Caricilli Andrea Moro, Castoldi Angela, Câmara Niels Olsen Saraiva
Andrea Moro Caricilli, Angela Castoldi, Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. 2014 Feb 15;5(1):18-32. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i1.18.
Our body is colonized by more than a hundred trillion commensals, represented by viruses, bacteria and fungi. This complex interaction has shown that the microbiome system contributes to the host's adaptation to its environment, providing genes and functionality that give flexibility of diet and modulate the immune system in order not to reject these symbionts. In the intestine, specifically, the microbiota helps developing organ structures, participates of the metabolism of nutrients and induces immunity. Certain components of the microbiota have been shown to trigger inflammatory responses, whereas others, anti-inflammatory responses. The diversity and the composition of the microbiota, thus, play a key role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and explain partially the link between intestinal microbiota changes and gut-related disorders in humans. Tight junction proteins are key molecules for determination of the paracellular permeability. In the context of intestinal inflammatory diseases, the intestinal barrier is compromised, and decreased expression and differential distribution of tight junction proteins is observed. It is still unclear what is the nature of the luminal or mucosal factors that affect the tight junction proteins function, but the modulation of the immune cells found in the intestinal lamina propria is hypothesized as having a role in this modulation. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the interaction of the gut microbiota with the immune system in the development and maintenance of the intestinal barrier.
我们的身体被超过十万亿的共生体所定植，这些共生体以病毒、细菌和真菌为代表。这种复杂的相互作用表明，微生物群系统有助于宿主适应其环境，提供赋予饮食灵活性并调节免疫系统以不排斥这些共生体的基因和功能。具体而言，在肠道中，微生物群有助于发育器官结构、参与营养物质的代谢并诱导免疫。已证明微生物群的某些成分会引发炎症反应，而其他成分则引发抗炎反应。因此，微生物群的多样性和组成在维持肠道稳态中起关键作用，并部分解释了人类肠道微生物群变化与肠道相关疾病之间的联系。紧密连接蛋白是决定细胞旁通透性的关键分子。在肠道炎症性疾病的背景下，肠道屏障受损，观察到紧密连接蛋白的表达降低和分布差异。目前尚不清楚影响紧密连接蛋白功能的管腔或黏膜因子的性质是什么，但推测肠道固有层中发现的免疫细胞的调节在这种调节中起作用。在这篇综述中，我们概述了目前对肠道微生物群与免疫系统在肠道屏障发育和维持中的相互作用的理解。
