McMinn David, Oreskovic Nicolas M, Aitkenhead Matt J, Johnston Derek W, Murtagh Shemane, Rowe David A
Geospat Health. 2014 May;8(2):569-72. doi: 10.4081/gh.2014.46.
Active school travel is in decline. An understanding of the potential determinants of health-enhancing physical activity during the school commute may help to inform interventions aimed at reversing these trends. The purpose of this study was to identify the physical environmental factors associated with health-enhancing physical activity during the school commute. Data were collected in 2009 on 166 children commuting home from school in Scotland. Data on location and physical activity were measured using global positioning systems (GPS) and accelerometers, and mapped using geographical information systems (GIS). Multi-level logistic regression models accounting for repeated observations within participants were used to test for associations between each land-use category (road/track/path, other man-made, greenspace, other natural) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Thirty-nine children provided 2,782 matched data points. Over one third (37.1%) of children's school commute time was spent in MVPA. Children commuted approximately equal amounts of time via natural and man-made land-uses (50.2% and 49.8% respectively). Commuting via road/track/path was associated with increased likelihood of MVPA (Exp(B)=1.23, P <0.05), but this association was not seen for commuting via other manmade land-uses. No association was noted between greenspace use and MVPA, but travelling via other natural land-uses was associated with lower odds of MVPA (Exp(B)=0.32, P <0.05). Children spend equal amounts of time commuting to school via man-made and natural land-uses, yet man-made transportation route infrastructure appears to provide greater opportunities for achieving health-enhancing physical activity levels.
积极的校园出行正在减少。了解上学通勤期间促进健康的身体活动的潜在决定因素，可能有助于为旨在扭转这些趋势的干预措施提供信息。本研究的目的是确定与上学通勤期间促进健康的身体活动相关的物理环境因素。2009年收集了苏格兰166名放学回家儿童的数据。使用全球定位系统（GPS）和加速度计测量位置和身体活动数据，并使用地理信息系统（GIS）进行绘制。使用考虑参与者内重复观察的多水平逻辑回归模型，来检验每种土地利用类别（道路/轨道/路径、其他人造、绿地、其他自然）与中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）之间的关联。39名儿童提供了2782个匹配数据点。超过三分之一（37.1%）的儿童上学通勤时间用于MVPA。儿童通过自然和人造土地利用方式通勤的时间大致相等（分别为50.2%和49.8%）。通过道路/轨道/路径通勤与MVPA增加的可能性相关（Exp(B)=1.23，P<0.05），但通过其他人造土地利用方式通勤未发现这种关联。未发现绿地使用与MVPA之间的关联，但通过其他自然土地利用方式出行与MVPA的较低几率相关（Exp(B)=0.32，P<0.05）。儿童通过人造和自然土地利用方式上学通勤的时间相等，但人造交通路线基础设施似乎为达到促进健康的身体活动水平提供了更多机会。
