酒精中毒的神经系统并发症。
Neurologic complications of alcoholism.
作者信息
Noble James M, Weimer Louis H
出版信息
Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2014 Jun;20(3 Neurology of Systemic Disease):624-41. doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000450970.99322.84.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review serves as an overview of neurologic conditions associated with alcohol abuse or withdrawal, including epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnostic approach, and treatment.
RECENT FINDINGS
Frequent alcohol abuse and frank alcoholism are very common among adults in the United States. Although rates decline with each decade, as many as 10% of the elderly drink excessively. Given the ubiquitous nature of alcoholism in society, its complications have been clinically recognized for generations, with recent advances focusing on improved understanding of ethanol's biochemical targets and the pathophysiology of its complications.
SUMMARY
The chronic effects of alcohol abuse are myriad and include neurologic complications through both direct and indirect effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. These disorders include several encephalopathic states related to alcohol intoxication, withdrawal, and related nutritional deficiencies; acute and chronic toxic and nutritional peripheral neuropathies; and myopathy. Although prevention of alcoholism and its neurologic complications is the optimal strategy, this article reviews the specific treatment algorithms for alcohol withdrawal and its related nutritional deficiency states.
综述目的
本综述概述了与酒精滥用或戒断相关的神经系统疾病，包括流行病学、临床症状、诊断方法和治疗。
最新发现
在美国成年人中，频繁的酒精滥用和严重酗酒非常普遍。尽管每十年患病率有所下降，但仍有多达10%的老年人过度饮酒。鉴于酒精中毒在社会中普遍存在，其并发症在临床上已被认识了几代人，最近的进展集中在对乙醇生化靶点及其并发症病理生理学的更好理解上。
总结
酒精滥用的慢性影响是多方面的，包括通过对中枢和外周神经系统的直接和间接影响导致的神经系统并发症。这些疾病包括几种与酒精中毒、戒断及相关营养缺乏有关的脑病状态；急性和慢性中毒性及营养性周围神经病；以及肌病。尽管预防酒精中毒及其神经系统并发症是最佳策略，但本文回顾了酒精戒断及其相关营养缺乏状态的具体治疗方案。
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