Steenbeek Henderien, van der Aalsvoort Diny, van Geert Paul
University of Groningen and University of Applied Studies, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Saxion University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands.
Nonlinear Dynamics Psychol Life Sci. 2014 Jul;18(3):251-76.
This study was focused on the role of gender-related differences in collaborative play, by examining properties of play as a complex system, and by using micro-genetic analysis techniques. A complex dynamic systems model of dyadic play was used to make predictions with regard to duration and number of contact-episodes during play of same-sex dyads, both on the micro- (i.e., per individual session), meso- (i.e., in smoothed data), and macro time scale (i.e., the change over six consecutive play sessions). The empirical data came from a study that examined the collaborative play skills of children who experienced six twenty minute play sessions within a three week period of time. Monte Carlo permutation analyses were used to compare model predictions and empirical data. The findings point to strongly asymmetric distributions in the duration and number of contact episodes in all dyads over the six sessions, as a direct consequence of the underlying dynamics of the play system. The model prediction that girls-dyads would show longer contact episodes than boys-dyads was confirmed, but the prediction regarding the difference in number of peaks was not confirmed. In addition, the majority of the model predictions regarding changes over the course of six sessions were consistent with the data. That is, the average duration and the maximum duration of contact-episodes increases both in boys-dyads and girls-dyads, but differences occur in the strength of the increase. Contrary to expectation, the number of contact-episodes decreases both in boys-dyads and in girls-dyads.
本研究聚焦于性别差异在合作性游戏中的作用，通过考察游戏作为一个复杂系统的特性，并运用微观发生分析技术来进行研究。采用二元游戏的复杂动态系统模型，对同性二元组游戏过程中的接触时长和接触次数进行预测，涉及微观时间尺度（即每次个体游戏 session）、中观时间尺度（即平滑后的数据）和宏观时间尺度（即连续六个游戏 session 的变化情况）。实证数据来自一项对儿童合作性游戏技能的研究，这些儿童在三周时间内经历了六个二十分钟的游戏 session。运用蒙特卡洛排列分析来比较模型预测结果与实证数据。研究结果表明，由于游戏系统的潜在动态变化，在六个 session 中，所有二元组的接触时长和接触次数分布都呈现出强烈的不对称性。模型预测女孩二元组的接触时长会比男孩二元组更长这一结果得到了证实，但关于峰值数量差异的预测未得到证实。此外，关于六个 session 过程中变化的大多数模型预测与数据一致。也就是说，男孩二元组和女孩二元组的接触时长的平均值和最长时长都有所增加，但增加的幅度存在差异。与预期相反，男孩二元组和女孩二元组的接触次数均有所减少。
